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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب البيوع والكسب والمعاش وما يتعلق بالتجارةBook of Sales, Earnings, Livelihood, and Matters Related to Trade
بَابُ النَّهْي عَنْ بَيْعِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُحَافَلَةِ وَعَنْ بَيْعِ كُلَّ رَطْب بِيَابِسِهِChapter: Prohibition of sales by muzabana, muhaqala, and selling fresh produce for dried
Hadith 5837
اُردوEn
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَهُوَ اشْتِرَاءُ الزَّرْعِ وَهُوَ فِي سُنْبُلِهِ بِالْحِنْطَةِ وَنَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَهُوَ شِرَاءُ الثِّمَارِ بِالتَّمْرِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade Muhaqala and Muzabana. Muhaqala is when the grain in the ears of a crop is sold in exchange for wheat, and Muzabana is when the fruit on a tree is sold in exchange for dates.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … In this chapter, the prohibition of muhaqalah and muzabanah is discussed. Both have been defined in the hadiths themselves; further clarification is as follows:
Muhaqalah: … Selling standing crops in the field for grain in exchange, such as selling a wheat field for wheat.
Muzabanah: … Selling fruit still on the trees for dried fruit of the same kind in exchange, such as selling dates still on the tree for harvested dates.
The reason for the prohibition of these two types of sales is that the exact quantity of both cannot be known, whereas when the same kind is being bought and sold mutually, it is a condition that they be equal in weight. As Sayyiduna Ubadah ibn Samit radi Allahu anhu narrates that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “Gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, dates for dates, and salt for salt—like for like, equal for equal, hand to hand. If these kinds differ, then sell as you wish, provided it is hand to hand.” (Muslim: 1587) … “(At the time of buying and selling) gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, dates for dates, and salt for salt must be equal and immediate. However, when the kinds differ, you may buy and sell as you wish, provided it is immediate.”
It should be kept in mind that when a crop or orchard ripens, it is permissible to buy it for cash. There are two types of usury (riba): riba al-fadl and riba al-nasi’ah. In the above prohibited cases, there is a strong suspicion of riba al-fadl, because it is not possible to estimate the exact equal quantity. The explanation of these types of usury will come ahead, in sha Allah Ta’ala.
Muhaqalah: … Selling standing crops in the field for grain in exchange, such as selling a wheat field for wheat.
Muzabanah: … Selling fruit still on the trees for dried fruit of the same kind in exchange, such as selling dates still on the tree for harvested dates.
The reason for the prohibition of these two types of sales is that the exact quantity of both cannot be known, whereas when the same kind is being bought and sold mutually, it is a condition that they be equal in weight. As Sayyiduna Ubadah ibn Samit radi Allahu anhu narrates that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “Gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, dates for dates, and salt for salt—like for like, equal for equal, hand to hand. If these kinds differ, then sell as you wish, provided it is hand to hand.” (Muslim: 1587) … “(At the time of buying and selling) gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, dates for dates, and salt for salt must be equal and immediate. However, when the kinds differ, you may buy and sell as you wish, provided it is immediate.”
It should be kept in mind that when a crop or orchard ripens, it is permissible to buy it for cash. There are two types of usury (riba): riba al-fadl and riba al-nasi’ah. In the above prohibited cases, there is a strong suspicion of riba al-fadl, because it is not possible to estimate the exact equal quantity. The explanation of these types of usury will come ahead, in sha Allah Ta’ala.
