عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ كَانَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَحْلِفُ عَلَى أَيْمَانٍ ثَلَاثٍ يَقُولُ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَحَدٌ أَحَقُّ بِهَذَا الْمَالِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ وَمَا أَنَا بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ وَاللَّهِ مَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا وَلَهُ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ نَصِيبٌ إِلَّا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا وَلَكِنَّا عَلَى مَنَازِلِنَا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَقَسْمِنَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَالرَّجُلُ وَبَلَاؤُهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَالرَّجُلُ وَقَدَمُهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَالرَّجُلُ وَغَنَاؤُهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَالرَّجُلُ وَحَاجَتُهُ وَوَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ بَقِيتُ لَهُمْ لَيَأْتِيَنَّ الرَّاعِيَ بِجَبَلِ صَنْعَاءَ حَظَّهُ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ وَهُوَ يَرْعَى مَكَانَهُ
It is narrated from Malik bin Aws bin Hadthan that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to swear oaths on three matters and would say: By Allah! No one is more entitled to this wealth of fay’ than anyone else, and I myself do not have more right to it than anyone else. By Allah, every Muslim has a share in this wealth, except for a slave. Yes, according to the details of the Book of Allah and the distribution of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), our ranks are different. For example: one man and his being tested in Islam, one man and his precedence in accepting Islam, one man and his wealth, and one man and his neediness. By Allah, if I remain alive, even the shepherd of goats in the mountains of Sana’a will receive his share, while he is grazing his goats right there.