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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الحج والعمرةBook of Hajj and Umrah
بَابُ مَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو الطُّفَيْلِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فِي أَسْبَابِ بَعْضِ أَعْمَالِChapter: What Was Narrated by Abu Tufayl from Ibn Abbas Regarding the Reasons for Some of the Prophet’s Actions in Hajj
Hadith 4137
اُردوEn
عَبْدُ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ثَنَا سُرَيْجٌ وَيُونُسُ قَالَا ثَنَا حَمَّادٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ الْغَنَوِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي طُفَيْلِ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا: يَزْعُمُ قَوْمُكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَمَلَ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَأَنَّ ذَلِكَ سُنَّةٌ، قَالَ: صَدَقُوا وَكَذَبُوا، قُلْتُ: وَمَا صَدَقُوا وَكَذَبُوا؟ قَالَ: صَدَقُوا، رَمَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَكَذَبُوا، لَيْسَ بِسُنَّةٍ، إِنَّ قُرَيْشًا قَالَتْ زَمَنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ: دَعُوا مُحَمَّدًا وَأَصْحَابَهُ حَتَّى يَمُوتُوا مَوْتَ النَّغَفِ، فَلَمَّا صَالَحُوهُ عَلَى أَنْ يَقْدَمُوا مِنَ الْعَامِ الْمُقْبِلِ وَيُقِيمُوا بِمَكَّةَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، فَقَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ مِنْ قِبَلِ قُعَيْقِعَانَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: ((ارْمُلُوا بِالْبَيْتِ ثَلَاثًا))، وَلَيْسَ بِسُنَّةٍ، قُلْتُ: وَيَزْعُمُ قَوْمُكَ أَنَّهُ طَافَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ وَأَنَّ ذَلِكَ سُنَّةٌ، فَقَالَ: صَدَقُوا وَكَذَبُوا، فَقُلْتُ: وَمَا صَدَقُوا وَكَذَبُوا؟ فَقَالَ: صَدَقُوا قَدْ طَافَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ، وَكَذَبُوا لَيْسَتْ بِسُنَّةٍ، كَانَ النَّاسُ لَا يُدْفَعُونَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَا يُصْرَفُونَ عَنْهُ، فَطَافَ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ لِيَسْمَعُوا كَلَامَهُ وَلَا تَنَالَهُ أَيْدِيهِمْ، قُلْتُ: وَيَزْعُمُ قَوْمُكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَعَى بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ وَأَنَّ ذَلِكَ سُنَّةٌ، قَالَ: صَدَقُوا، إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لَمَّا أُمِرَ بِالْمَنَاسِكِ عَرَضَ لَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ عِنْدَ الْمَسْعَى فَسَابَقَهُ فَسَبَقَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ بِهِ جِبْرِيلُ إِلَى جَمْرَةِ الْعَقَبَةِ فَعَرَضَ لَهُ شَيْطَانٌ (وَفِي لَفْظٍ الشَّيْطَانُ) فَرَمَاهُ بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ، ثُمَّ عَرَضَ لَهُ عِنْدَ الْجَمْرَةِ الْوُسْطَى فَرَمَاهُ بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ، قَالَ: قَدْ تَلَّهُ لِلْجَبِينِ (وَفِي لَفْظٍ وَثَمَّ تَلَّهُ لِلْجَبِينِ) وَعَلَى إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَمِيصٌ أَبْيَضُ، وَقَالَ: يَا أَبَتِ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِي ثَوْبٌ تُكَفِّنُنِي فِيهِ غَيْرَهُ فَاخْلَعْهُ حَتَّى تُكَفِّنَنِي فِيهِ، فَعَالَجَهُ لِيَخْلَعَهُ فَنُودِيَ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ أَنْ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمْ! قَدْ صَدَّقْتَ الرُّؤْيَا فَالْتَفَتَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِكَبْشٍ أَبْيَضَ أَقْرَنَ أَعْيَنَ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنَا نَتَّبِّعُ هَذَا الضَّرْبَ مِنَ الْكِبَاشِ، (قَالَ) ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ بِهِ جِبْرِيلُ إِلَى الْجَمْرَةِ الْقُصْوَى، فَعَرَضَ لَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَرَمَاهُ بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ بِهِ جِبْرِيلُ إِلَى مِنَى قَالَ: هَذَا مِنَى (وَفِي لَفْظٍ: هَذَا مُنَاخُ النَّاسِ) ثُمَّ أَتَى بِهِ جَمْعًا، فَقَالَ: هَذَا الْمَشْعَرُ الْحَرَامُ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ بِهِ إِلَى عَرَفَةَ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: هَلْ تَدْرِي لِمَ سُمِّيَتْ عَرَفَةُ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا، قَالَ: إِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ قَالَ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ: عَرَفْتَ، (وَفِي لَفْظٍ: هَلْ عَرَفْتَ)؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَمِنْ ثَمَّ سُمِّيَتْ عَرَفَةَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَلْ تَدْرِي كَيْفَ كَانَتِ التَّلْبِيَةُ؟ قُلْتُ: وَكَيْفَ كَانَتْ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لَمَّا أُمِرَ أَنْ يُؤَذِّنَ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ خَفَضَتْ لَهُ الْجِبَالُ رُءُوسَهَا وَرُفِعَتْ لَهُ الْقُرَى فَأَذَّنَ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ
Abu Tufail says: I said to Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him): Your people think that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed ramal (walking briskly) while circumambulating the House of Allah, therefore this act is Sunnah. Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Their statement is partly correct and partly incorrect. I asked: What do you mean by it being both correct and incorrect? He said: It is correct that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed ramal while circumambulating the House of Allah, but it is not correct to call this act Sunnah; this act is not Sunnah. The detail is that the Quraysh (in contempt) said during the days of Hudaybiyyah: Leave Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions alone until they die their own deaths. When the Quraysh made a treaty with him that the Muslims could come and stay in Makkah for three days the following year, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came. The polytheists of Makkah were on the side of the mountain of Qaiqan. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to the companions: Perform ramal in three circuits while circumambulating the House of Allah. Therefore, this act is not Sunnah.
Abu Tufail says: I said: Your people think that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed sa’i between Safa and Marwah on a camel, and this act is Sunnah. Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: This statement is also partly correct and partly incorrect. It is correct that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed sa’i between Safa and Marwah on a camel, but it is incorrect to say that this act is Sunnah. The real reason is that people would not move away from in front of or behind the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), (and they themselves would not separate or distance themselves from him), so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed sa’i on a camel so that people’s hands would not reach him and so that they could easily hear his words.
Abu Tufail says: I said: Your people think that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ran between Safa and Marwah and that this act is Sunnah. Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: This statement is correct. When Ibrahim (peace be upon him) was commanded to perform the rites of Hajj, at the time of sa’i, Satan appeared before him and went ahead, but then Ibrahim (peace be upon him) ran and overtook him. After that, Jibril (peace be upon him) took Ibrahim (peace be upon him) to Jamrah al-Aqabah, where Satan appeared before him, so he pelted him with seven pebbles, and he went away. Then, when he appeared before him near Jamrah al-Wusta, he again pelted him with seven pebbles. At that time, Ibrahim (peace be upon him) laid Isma’il (peace be upon him) on his side; he was wearing a white shirt. He said: Father! Other than this shirt, I have no other garment in which you can shroud me, so take off this shirt so that you may shroud me in it. When Ibrahim (peace be upon him) began to take off Isma’il’s (peace be upon him) shirt, a voice came from behind: Ibrahim! You have fulfilled the dream. When Ibrahim (peace be upon him) turned around, there was a beautiful, white, wide-eyed ram with horns. Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We try to obtain the same kind of ram for sacrifice. After that, Jibril took Ibrahim (peace be upon him) to Jamrah al-Quswa, where Satan appeared before him once again. Ibrahim (peace be upon him) pelted him with seven pebbles, so he ran away. Then Jibril (peace be upon him) took Ibrahim (peace be upon him) towards Mina and told him: This is Mina. In another narration: He told him: This is the place where people stay. After that, Jibril took Ibrahim (peace be upon him) to Muzdalifah and told him: This is al-Mash’ar al-Haram. Then he took him to Arafah.
Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: Do you know the reason for the naming of Arafah? I said: No. He said: When Jibril brought Ibrahim (peace be upon him) here, he asked him: Have you understood all these matters? He said: Yes. For this reason, this valley was named Arafah.
After that, Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: Do you know how the beginning of the Talbiyah was? I said: How was it? He said: When Ibrahim (peace be upon him) was commanded to proclaim Hajj among the people, the mountains lowered their heads at his voice and all the settlements were raised up, then he proclaimed Hajj among the people.
Abu Tufail says: I said: Your people think that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed sa’i between Safa and Marwah on a camel, and this act is Sunnah. Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: This statement is also partly correct and partly incorrect. It is correct that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed sa’i between Safa and Marwah on a camel, but it is incorrect to say that this act is Sunnah. The real reason is that people would not move away from in front of or behind the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), (and they themselves would not separate or distance themselves from him), so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed sa’i on a camel so that people’s hands would not reach him and so that they could easily hear his words.
Abu Tufail says: I said: Your people think that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ran between Safa and Marwah and that this act is Sunnah. Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: This statement is correct. When Ibrahim (peace be upon him) was commanded to perform the rites of Hajj, at the time of sa’i, Satan appeared before him and went ahead, but then Ibrahim (peace be upon him) ran and overtook him. After that, Jibril (peace be upon him) took Ibrahim (peace be upon him) to Jamrah al-Aqabah, where Satan appeared before him, so he pelted him with seven pebbles, and he went away. Then, when he appeared before him near Jamrah al-Wusta, he again pelted him with seven pebbles. At that time, Ibrahim (peace be upon him) laid Isma’il (peace be upon him) on his side; he was wearing a white shirt. He said: Father! Other than this shirt, I have no other garment in which you can shroud me, so take off this shirt so that you may shroud me in it. When Ibrahim (peace be upon him) began to take off Isma’il’s (peace be upon him) shirt, a voice came from behind: Ibrahim! You have fulfilled the dream. When Ibrahim (peace be upon him) turned around, there was a beautiful, white, wide-eyed ram with horns. Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We try to obtain the same kind of ram for sacrifice. After that, Jibril took Ibrahim (peace be upon him) to Jamrah al-Quswa, where Satan appeared before him once again. Ibrahim (peace be upon him) pelted him with seven pebbles, so he ran away. Then Jibril (peace be upon him) took Ibrahim (peace be upon him) towards Mina and told him: This is Mina. In another narration: He told him: This is the place where people stay. After that, Jibril took Ibrahim (peace be upon him) to Muzdalifah and told him: This is al-Mash’ar al-Haram. Then he took him to Arafah.
Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: Do you know the reason for the naming of Arafah? I said: No. He said: When Jibril brought Ibrahim (peace be upon him) here, he asked him: Have you understood all these matters? He said: Yes. For this reason, this valley was named Arafah.
After that, Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: Do you know how the beginning of the Talbiyah was? I said: How was it? He said: When Ibrahim (peace be upon him) was commanded to proclaim Hajj among the people, the mountains lowered their heads at his voice and all the settlements were raised up, then he proclaimed Hajj among the people.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … This is the position of Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma that performing ramal (brisk walking with short steps) in the first three circuits of the arrival circumambulation (tawaf al-qudum) is not a Sunnah. However, all other Companions, Followers (Tabi‘in), and the scholars among the Followers of the Followers (Taba‘ Tabi‘in) are of the opinion that this ramal is a Sunnah. It is a separate matter that the tawaf will still be valid without ramal, but this virtue will be missed.
The meaning of "Mash‘ar" is an apparent sign. The reason why Muzdalifah is called "al-Mash‘ar al-Haram" is that it is within the Sacred Precinct (Haram). In one narration, it is mentioned: Jibril alayhis salam showed Ibrahim alayhis salam the rites of Hajj. In response, he said: "‘Araftu, ‘Araftu" (I have come to know, I have recognized). For this reason, it was named ‘Arafat. Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim said: Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas, Mujahid, ‘Ikrimah, Sa‘id ibn Jubayr, and several of the Salaf said: Indeed, Allah Ta‘ala commanded Ibrahim alayhis salam to proclaim Hajj among the people, meaning that he should invite the people to perform Hajj to the House which he had built by Allah Ta‘ala’s command. Ibrahim alayhis salam said: O my Lord! How can I convey this to the people, for my voice will not reach them? Allah Ta‘ala said: You make the proclamation; conveying it is Our responsibility. So he stood on the Station of Ibrahim, or on a stone, or on Safa, or on Abu Qubays, and said: O people! Allah Ta‘ala has built a House for Himself, so perform Hajj to it. It happened that the mountains were lowered until the voice reached all corners of the earth, and even those who were in the wombs of mothers and the loins of fathers heard it, and everything responded. Stones, raw bricks, trees, and everyone who was to perform Hajj until the Day of Judgment heard it and responded: "Labbayk, Allahumma Labbayk."
The meaning of "Mash‘ar" is an apparent sign. The reason why Muzdalifah is called "al-Mash‘ar al-Haram" is that it is within the Sacred Precinct (Haram). In one narration, it is mentioned: Jibril alayhis salam showed Ibrahim alayhis salam the rites of Hajj. In response, he said: "‘Araftu, ‘Araftu" (I have come to know, I have recognized). For this reason, it was named ‘Arafat. Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim said: Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas, Mujahid, ‘Ikrimah, Sa‘id ibn Jubayr, and several of the Salaf said: Indeed, Allah Ta‘ala commanded Ibrahim alayhis salam to proclaim Hajj among the people, meaning that he should invite the people to perform Hajj to the House which he had built by Allah Ta‘ala’s command. Ibrahim alayhis salam said: O my Lord! How can I convey this to the people, for my voice will not reach them? Allah Ta‘ala said: You make the proclamation; conveying it is Our responsibility. So he stood on the Station of Ibrahim, or on a stone, or on Safa, or on Abu Qubays, and said: O people! Allah Ta‘ala has built a House for Himself, so perform Hajj to it. It happened that the mountains were lowered until the voice reached all corners of the earth, and even those who were in the wombs of mothers and the loins of fathers heard it, and everything responded. Stones, raw bricks, trees, and everyone who was to perform Hajj until the Day of Judgment heard it and responded: "Labbayk, Allahumma Labbayk."
