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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الصيامBook of Fasting
بَابُ مَنْ شَرَعَ فِي الصَّوْمِ ثُمَّ أَفْطَرَ فِي يَوْمِهِ ذَلِكَ فِي السَّفَرِChapter: One Who Began Fasting Then Broke It During Travel
Hadith 3846
اُردوEn
عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أَتَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى نَهَرٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، وَالنَّاسُ صِيَامٌ فِي يَوْمٍ صَائِفٍ مُشَاةً وَنَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى بَغْلَةٍ لَهُ فَقَالَ: ((اشْرَبُوا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ!))، قَالَ: فَأَبَوْا، قَالَ: ((إِنِّي لَسْتُ مِثْلَكُمْ إِنِّي أَيْسَرُكُمْ، إِنِّي رَاكِبٌ))، فَأَبَوْا، قَالَ: فَثَنَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَخِذَهُ فَنَزَلَ فَشَرِبَ وَشَرِبَ النَّاسُ وَمَا كَانَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَشْرَبَ
Syedna Abu Saeed Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) (during a journey) reached a canal of rainwater, the heat was intense and the people were fasting and traveling on foot, however, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was riding his mule. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O people! Drink water. But the people did not drink water. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said again: I am not like you, I am the one among you with the most ease, I am riding. But the people persisted (in not breaking the fast). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) bent his thigh, dismounted, and drank water, and (seeing this scene) the people also drank water. In reality, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not intend to drink water.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … Two issues in this chapter are absolutely clear. The first is that it is permissible to set out on a journey during Ramadan; the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam departed from Madinah Munawwarah on the eleventh of Ramadan on the occasion of the conquest of Makkah, and he reached Makkah Mukarramah on the twentieth. The second is that a fast observed during travel in Ramadan may be broken; according to the aforementioned ahadith, the fast which the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam broke had also begun during travel.
The question arises: if a person begins fasting while resident (hadr), and then at some point during the day sets out on a journey, does such a person have the option to break the fast or to complete it? The apparent position is that he does have this option. This is also the opinion of Imam Ahmad and Imam Ishaq. The following evidences support this view:
(1) In the Shari‘ah texts, travel and illness are mentioned in absolute terms as valid excuses for not fasting. Therefore, it is not correct to stipulate that this concession is only for the one who begins his journey before dawn (suhur), for this would be to restrict an absolute ruling without evidence. Secondly, the reason for this concession is hardship, and that remains present in its place.
(2) Just as a person who becomes ill during the fast has the option to break the fast, so too does the one who begins a journey. It is not correct to differentiate by saying that illness is not within the fasting person’s choice, whereas travel is a matter of choice, because it is not necessary that travel always be voluntary. Furthermore, the Shari‘ah has considered both illness and travel as valid excuses, and has not differentiated between voluntary and involuntary circumstances.
(3) Muhammad ibn Ka‘b says: “I came to Anas ibn Malik radi Allahu anhu in Ramadan while he intended to travel. His mount had been prepared for him and he had put on his travel clothes. He called for food and ate. I asked him: ‘Is this Sunnah?’ He replied: ‘Yes, it is Sunnah.’ Then he mounted and set out on his journey.” (Tirmidhi: 799)
(4) Ja‘far ibn Jubayr says: “I was with the Companion of the Messenger of Allah, Abu Basrah radi Allahu anhu. In Ramadan, he boarded a boat and set out from Fustat. He had not yet passed beyond the houses of the city when he called for a meal and said to me: ‘Come near (and eat).’ I said: ‘Do you not see the houses?’ He replied: ‘Do you wish to turn away from the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam?’ Then he ate.” (Abu Dawud: 2412) The first hadith of the next chapter is this very narration.
According to the majority of scholars, such a traveler does not have the option to break the fast, but this opinion is weak (marjuh).
The question arises: if a person begins fasting while resident (hadr), and then at some point during the day sets out on a journey, does such a person have the option to break the fast or to complete it? The apparent position is that he does have this option. This is also the opinion of Imam Ahmad and Imam Ishaq. The following evidences support this view:
(1) In the Shari‘ah texts, travel and illness are mentioned in absolute terms as valid excuses for not fasting. Therefore, it is not correct to stipulate that this concession is only for the one who begins his journey before dawn (suhur), for this would be to restrict an absolute ruling without evidence. Secondly, the reason for this concession is hardship, and that remains present in its place.
(2) Just as a person who becomes ill during the fast has the option to break the fast, so too does the one who begins a journey. It is not correct to differentiate by saying that illness is not within the fasting person’s choice, whereas travel is a matter of choice, because it is not necessary that travel always be voluntary. Furthermore, the Shari‘ah has considered both illness and travel as valid excuses, and has not differentiated between voluntary and involuntary circumstances.
(3) Muhammad ibn Ka‘b says: “I came to Anas ibn Malik radi Allahu anhu in Ramadan while he intended to travel. His mount had been prepared for him and he had put on his travel clothes. He called for food and ate. I asked him: ‘Is this Sunnah?’ He replied: ‘Yes, it is Sunnah.’ Then he mounted and set out on his journey.” (Tirmidhi: 799)
(4) Ja‘far ibn Jubayr says: “I was with the Companion of the Messenger of Allah, Abu Basrah radi Allahu anhu. In Ramadan, he boarded a boat and set out from Fustat. He had not yet passed beyond the houses of the city when he called for a meal and said to me: ‘Come near (and eat).’ I said: ‘Do you not see the houses?’ He replied: ‘Do you wish to turn away from the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam?’ Then he ate.” (Abu Dawud: 2412) The first hadith of the next chapter is this very narration.
According to the majority of scholars, such a traveler does not have the option to break the fast, but this opinion is weak (marjuh).
