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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الزكاةBook of Zakat
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الْغَارِمِينَChapter on what is reported regarding those in debt
Hadith 3472
اُردوEn
عَنْ كِنَانَةَ بْنِ نُعَيْمٍ عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ الْمُخَارِقِ (الْهِلَالِيِّ) رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: حَمَلْتُ حَمَالَةً، (وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ تَحَمَّلْتُ بِحَمَالَةٍ) فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ فِيهَا، فَقَالَ: ((أَقِمْ حَتَّى تَأْتِينَا الصَّدَقَةُ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ نَحْمِلَهَا وَإِمَّا أَنْ نُعِينَكَ فِيهَا))، وَقَالَ: ((إِنَّ الْمَسْأَلَةَ لَا تَحِلُّ إِلَّا لِثَلَاثَةٍ، لِرَجُلٍ تَحَمَّلَ حَمَالَةَ قَوْمٍ فَيَسْأَلُ فِيهَا حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيهَا ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ، وَرَجُلٍ أَصَابَتْهُ جَائِحَةٌ، اجْتَاحَتْ مَالَهُ فَيَسْأَلُ فِيهَا حَتَّى يُصِيبَ قِوَامًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ أَوْ سِدَادًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ، وَرَجُلٍ أَصَابَتْهُ فَاقَةٌ فَيَسْأَلُ حَتَّى يُصِيبَ قِوَامًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ أَوْ سِدَادًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ، وَمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنْ الْمَسَائِلِ سُحْتًا يَا قَبِيصَةَ يَأْكُلُهُ صَاحِبُهُ سُحْتًا))
Sayyiduna Qabisah bin Mukhariq Hilali (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I accepted a financial guarantee (for reconciliation among people) and, in this regard, came to the service of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to request assistance. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Wait until zakat comes to us; either we will pay you in full or we will assist you in this matter. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) also said: Asking and begging is not lawful except for three types of people: (1) The person who gives a financial guarantee for the sake of reconciliation among people, he may ask in this matter, but when he has paid the guarantee, he should refrain from asking; (2) The person upon whom such a calamity befalls that it destroys his wealth, he may ask until his need is fulfilled, and then he should stop doing so; and (3) The person who is afflicted with hunger, such a person may also ask until his need is fulfilled, but then he should refrain from doing so. Qabisah! Other than these situations, asking is forbidden; whoever does so consumes what is unlawful.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … “Accepting financial guarantee”—its form is that, in order to resolve a dispute arising from a financial matter between two tribes or two individuals, a person takes a loan and settles the matter, thereby reconciling them. Since this person did not take the loan for his personal need, he is permitted to ask others for help in its repayment or to take zakat. What is meant by being afflicted with hunger is that, due to a flood, fire, natural disaster, or storm, a person’s wealth is destroyed to such an extent that he is no longer able to stand on his own feet. In such a situation, until his circumstances are rectified to a permissible extent, he may ask people for help.
