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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الزكاةBook of Zakat
بَابُ افْتِرَاضِ الزَّكَاةِ وَالْحَثِّ عَلَيْهَا وَالتَّشْدِيدِ فِي مَنْعِهَاChapter on the obligation of Zakat, urging it, and the severity regarding withholding it
Hadith 3366
اُردوEn
عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا ارْتَدَّ أَهْلُ الرِّدَّةِ فِي زَمَانِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ! وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَإِذَا قَالُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ))، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: وَاللَّهِ! لَأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ، فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ وَاللَّهِ! لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عَنَاقًا كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَيْهَا، قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: فَوَاللَّهِ! مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ رَأَيْتُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ لِلْقِتَالِ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ
Ubaydullah bin Abdullah says: When people became apostates during the caliphate of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Abu Bakr! How can you fight these people, when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said that I have been commanded to fight the people until they say La ilaha illallah, and when they say La ilaha illallah, they will protect their blood and wealth from me, except by right, and their reckoning is with Allah the Exalted. But Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! I will surely fight those who differentiate between prayer and zakat, for zakat is the due right of wealth. By Allah, if they withhold even a single goat which they used to give to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I will fight them for withholding it. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! I immediately realized that Allah the Exalted had opened the chest of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) for fighting, so I knew that this was the truth.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: During the caliphate of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu, some people apostatized in various ways: some resumed idol worship, some joined Musaylimah the Liar, and some remained upon faith but, out of rebellion and greed, refused to pay zakat (obligatory alms). Sayyiduna Umar radi Allahu anhu, considering only the literal words of "La ilaha illallah" (There is no deity except Allah), advised not to fight those who withheld zakat. However, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu, considering the meaning of this phrase, regarded the establishment of prayer (salah) and the payment of zakat as its necessary requirements, and this was the correct interpretation. As narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah radi Allahu anhu, the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: "I have been commanded to fight the people until they bear witness that there is no deity except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establish prayer, and pay zakat. Then their blood and wealth will be protected from me, except by right, and their reckoning is with Allah, the Mighty and Majestic." That is: "I have been commanded to fight the people until they (1) bear witness that Allah alone is the true deity and Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam is His Messenger, (2) establish prayer, and (3) pay zakat. Then their blood and wealth become forbidden for me, and their reckoning is with Allah, the Exalted." (Musnad Ahmad: 8544, 2/345)
