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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب القدرBook of Divine Decree (Qadar)
فَضْلٌ مِنْهُ فِي مُحَاجَّةِ آدَمَ وَ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُIts virtue regarding the debate between Adam and Musa, peace be upon them
Hadith 193
اُردوEn
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((احْتَجَّ آدَمُ وَمُوسَى عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ فَقَالَ مُوسَى: يَا آدَمُ أَنْتَ أَبُونَا خَيَّبْتَنَا وَأَخْرَجْتَنَا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ (وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: أَنْتَ آدَمُ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَتْكَ خَطِيئَتُكَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ) فَقَالَ لَهُ آدَمُ: يَا مُوسَى أَنْتَ اصْطَفَاكَ اللَّهُ بِكَلَامِهِ (وَقَالَ مَرَّةً: بِرِسَالَتِهِ) وَخَطَّ لَكَ بِيَدِهِ، أَتَلُومُنِي عَلَى أَمْرٍ قَدَّرَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَىَّ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَنِي بِأَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً، قَالَ: حَجَّ آدَمُ مُوسَى حَجَّ آدَمُ مُوسَى))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "A dispute arose between Adam (peace be upon him) and Musa (peace be upon him). Musa (peace be upon him) said: O Adam! You are our father, you caused us to fail and expelled us from Paradise. In another narration, he said: Are you that Adam whom his mistake expelled from Paradise? Adam (peace be upon him) said: O Musa! Are you the one whom Allah Almighty selected with His Word and His Messengership, and wrote the Torah for you with His own hand? Now, do you blame me for something which Allah Almighty had written for me forty years before my creation?" The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "In this way, Adam (peace be upon him) prevailed over Musa (peace be upon him), Adam (peace be upon him) prevailed over Musa (peace be upon him)."
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … Here it is necessary to mention a few points:
A person should not be considered excused before Allah Ta'ala or among people due to predestination (taqdeer). The laws of accountability and forgiveness with Allah Ta'ala are separate, and among people, who is there that, if he is slapped or suffers some other harm, would forgive on the basis that, “Well, this slap was written in my destiny”? If someone commits an evil deed and then suffers harm because of that evil, it is not permissible in Shari‘ah to taunt or condemn such a person on account of his evil deed—especially when he has already repented. The answer that Adam (alayhis salam) gave to Musa (alayhis salam) was a binding (ilzami) response. In any case, the discussion between these two Prophets was taking place in the realm of Barzakh, which is not a realm of pain at all; therefore, in this matter, neither of them can be blamed.
A person should not be considered excused before Allah Ta'ala or among people due to predestination (taqdeer). The laws of accountability and forgiveness with Allah Ta'ala are separate, and among people, who is there that, if he is slapped or suffers some other harm, would forgive on the basis that, “Well, this slap was written in my destiny”? If someone commits an evil deed and then suffers harm because of that evil, it is not permissible in Shari‘ah to taunt or condemn such a person on account of his evil deed—especially when he has already repented. The answer that Adam (alayhis salam) gave to Musa (alayhis salam) was a binding (ilzami) response. In any case, the discussion between these two Prophets was taking place in the realm of Barzakh, which is not a realm of pain at all; therefore, in this matter, neither of them can be blamed.
