Sayyiduna Tariq bin Abdullah narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When you pray, do not spit in front of you or to your right side; rather, spit to your left side, provided it is empty (i.e., there is no worshipper praying on that side). Otherwise, lift your foot and (spit beneath it and) rub it in.
Hadith Referenceالفتح الربانی / أبواب المساجد / 1351
Hadith Gradingمحدثین:صحیح
Hadith Takhrij«اسناده صحيح۔ أخرجه الترمذي: 571، والنسائي: 2/ 52، وابن ماجه: 1021، وابن خزيمة: 876، الطيالسي: 1275 ، (انظر مسند أحمد ترقيم الرسالة: 27221، 27222 ترقیم بيت الأفكار الدولية: 27764»
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … In the aforementioned ahadith, it has been explicitly stated that spitting in the mosque is a mistake. If one must spit, the following etiquettes should be observed:
٭ Do not spit in the direction of the qiblah. ٭ Do not spit to the right side. ٭ If there is a worshipper on the left side, do not spit in that direction either; otherwise, there is no harm. ٭ If there is a worshipper on the left side, spit under your left foot and rub it in. ٭ Or spit on a piece of cloth and rub it in.
These etiquettes were established at a time when the ground of Masjid Nabawi was unpaved. In the present era, considering carpets, solid flooring, and stone, only the last method should be used. And Allah knows best.