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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
بيان الشفاعة للعصاة يوم القيامةExplanation of Intercession for Sinners on the Day of Resurrection
مَارُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ نِ الصَّدِيقِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُWhat was narrated regarding that from Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him)
Hadith 13104
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الطَّالَقَانِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي النَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ الْمَازِنِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو نَعَامَةَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو هُنَيْدَةَ الْبَرَاءُ بْنُ نَوْفَلٍ عَنْ وَالَانَ الْعَدَوِيِّ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ أَصْبَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ فَصَلَّى الْغَدَاةَ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مِنَ الضُّحَى ضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ مَكَانَهُ حَتَّى صَلَّى الْأُولَى وَالْعَصْرَ وَالْمَغْرِبَ كُلَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَتَكَلَّمُ حَتَّى صَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ ثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَقَالَ النَّاسُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَلَا تَسْأَلُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا شَأْنُهُ صَنَعَ الْيَوْمَ شَيْئًا لَمْ يَصْنَعْهُ قَطُّ قَالَ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ ”نَعَمْ عُرِضَ عَلَيَّ مَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ مِنْ أَمْرِ الدُّنْيَا وَأَمْرِ الْآخِرَةِ فَجُمِعَ الْأَوَّلُونَ وَالْآخَرُونَ بِصَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ فَزِعَ النَّاسُ بِذَلِكَ حَتَّى انْطَلَقُوا إِلَى آدَمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَالْعَرَقُ يَكَادُ يُلْجِمُهُمْ فَقَالُوا يَا آدَمُ أَنْتَ أَبُو الْبَشَرِ وَأَنْتَ اصْطَفَاكَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ اشْفَعْ لَنَا إِلَى رَبِّكَ قَالَ لَقَدْ لَقِيتُ مِثْلَ الَّذِي لَقِيتُمْ انْطَلِقُوا إِلَى أَبِيكُمْ بَعْدَ أَبِيكُمْ إِلَى نُوحٍ {إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَى آدَمَ وَنُوحًا وَآلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ} قَالَ فَيَنْطَلِقُونَ إِلَى نُوحٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَيَقُولُونَ اشْفَعْ لَنَا إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَأَنْتَ اصْطَفَاكَ اللَّهُ وَاسْتَجَابَ لَكَ فِي دُعَائِكَ وَلَمْ يَدَعْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ دَيَّارًا فَيَقُولُ لَيْسَ ذَاكُمْ عِنْدِي انْطَلِقُوا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ اتَّخَذَهُ خَلِيلًا فَيَنْطَلِقُونَ إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَيَقُولُ لَيْسَ ذَاكُمْ عِنْدِي وَلَكِنْ انْطَلِقُوا إِلَى مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ كَلَّمَهُ تَكْلِيمًا فَيَقُولُ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لَيْسَ ذَاكُمْ عِنْدِي وَلَكِنْ انْطَلِقُوا إِلَى عِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ فَإِنَّهُ يُبْرِئُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَيُحْيِي الْمَوْتَى فَيَقُولُ عِيسَى لَيْسَ ذَاكُمْ عِنْدِي وَلَكِنْ انْطَلِقُوا إِلَى سَيِّدِ وُلْدِ آدَمَ فَإِنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ تَنْشَقُّ عَنْهُ الْأَرْضُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ انْطَلِقُوا إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَيَشْفَعُ لَكُمْ إِلَى رَبِّكُمْ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ“ قَالَ ”فَيَنْطَلِقُ فَيَأْتِي جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ رَبَّهُ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ائْذَنْ لَهُ وَبَشِّرْهُ بِالْجَنَّةِ“ قَالَ ”فَيَنْطَلِقُ بِهِ جِبْرِيلُ فَيَخِرُّ سَاجِدًا قَدْرَ جُمُعَةٍ وَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ارْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَقُلْ يُسْمَعْ وَاشْفَعْ تُشَفَّعْ“ قَالَ ”فَيَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ فَإِذَا نَظَرَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ خَرَّ سَاجِدًا قَدْرَ جُمُعَةٍ أُخْرَى فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ارْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ وَقُلْ يُسْمَعْ وَاشْفَعْ تُشَفَّعْ“ قَالَ ”فَيَذْهَبُ لِيَقَعَ سَاجِدًا فَيَأْخُذُ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِضَبْعَيْهِ فَيَفْتَحُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الدُّعَاءِ شَيْئًا لَمْ يَفْتَحْهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ قَطُّ فَيَقُولُ أَيْ رَبِّ خَلَقْتَنِي سَيِّدَ وُلْدِ آدَمَ وَلَا فَخْرَ وَأَوَّلَ مَنْ تَنْشَقُّ عَنْهُ الْأَرْضُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَا فَخْرَ حَتَّى إِنَّهُ لَيَرِدُ عَلَيَّ الْحَوْضَ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّا بَيْنَ صَنْعَاءَ وَأَيْلَةَ“ ثُمَّ يُقَالُ ”ادْعُوا الصِّدِّيقِينَ فَيَشْفَعُونَ“ ثُمَّ يُقَالُ ”ادْعُوا الْأَنْبِيَاءَ“ قَالَ ”فَيَجِيءُ النَّبِيُّ وَمَعَهُ الْعِصَابَةُ وَالنَّبِيُّ وَمَعَهُ الْخَمْسَةُ وَالسِّتَّةُ وَالنَّبِيُّ وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُ أَحَدٌ“ ثُمَّ يُقَالُ ”ادْعُوا الشُّهَدَاءَ فَيَشْفَعُونَ لِمَنْ أَرَادُوا“ وَقَالَ ”فَإِذَا فَعَلَتِ الشُّهَدَاءُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنَا أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ ادْخُلُوا جَنَّتِي مَنْ كَانَ لَا يُشْرِكُ بِي شَيْئًا“ قَالَ ”فَيَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ“ قَالَ ”ثُمَّ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ انْظُرُوا فِي النَّارِ هَلْ تَلْقَوْنَ مِنْ أَحَدٍ عَمِلَ خَيْرًا قَطُّ“ قَالَ ”فَيَجِدُونَ فِي النَّارِ رَجُلًا فَيَقُولُ لَهُ هَلْ عَمِلْتَ خَيْرًا قَطُّ“ فَيَقُولُ ”لَا غَيْرَ أَنِّي كُنْتُ أُسَامِحُ النَّاسَ فِي الْبَيْعِ وَالشِّرَاءِ“ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ”اسْمَحُوا لِعَبْدِي كَاسْمَاحِهِ إِلَى عَبِيدِي“ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُونَ مِنَ النَّارِ رَجُلًا فَيَقُولُ لَهُ ”هَلْ عَمِلْتَ خَيْرًا قَطُّ“ فَيَقُولُ ”لَا غَيْرَ أَنِّي قَدْ أَمَرْتُ وَلَدِي إِذَا مِتُّ فَأَحْرِقُونِي بِالنَّارِ ثُمَّ اطْحَنُونِي حَتَّى إِذَا كُنْتُ مِثْلَ الْكُحْلِ فَاذْهَبُوا بِي إِلَى الْبَحْرِ فَاذْرُونِي فِي الرِّيحِ فَوَاللَّهِ لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَيَّ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ أَبَدًا“ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ”لِمَ فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ“ قَالَ ”مِنْ مَخَافَتِكَ“ قَالَ ”فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ انْظُرْ إِلَى مُلْكِ أَعْظَمِ مَلِكٍ فَلَكَ مِثْلُهُ وَعَشَرَةُ أَمْثَالِهِ“ فَيَقُولُ ”لِمَ تَسْخَرُ بِي وَأَنْتَ الْمَلِكُ“ قَالَ ”وَذَلِكَ الَّذِي ضَحِكْتُ مِنْهُ مِنَ الضُّحَى“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) that one day the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed the Fajr prayer and remained seated until the time of Duha (forenoon) arrived. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) smiled, and after that, he continued to sit there until he performed the Zuhr, Asr, and Maghrib prayers in the same place and did not speak to anyone. When he performed the Isha prayer and got up to go to his family, the people said to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him): Will you not ask the Messenger of Allah what is the reason that today he has done such an act which he has never done before? So Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He replied: Yes, today everything that is to happen in this world and the Hereafter was presented before me. The first and the last of mankind will be gathered in a vast plain, where they will be in severe distress and agony. They will go to Adam (peace be upon him), and sweat will reach up to their mouths. They will say: O Adam! You are the father of mankind, Allah selected you from among the creation, intercede for us with your Lord. He will say: I am also in the same distress as you are, so go to your other father, Nuh (peace be upon him), after me. The command of Allah Almighty is: {اِنَّ اللّٰہَ اصْطَفٰٓی اٰدَمَ وَ نُوْحًا وَّ اٰلَ اِبْرَھِیْمَ وَ اٰلَ عِمْرٰنَ عَلٰی الْعٰلَمِیْنَ} (Indeed, Allah chose Adam, Nuh, the family of Ibrahim, and the family of Imran above all the worlds.) So the people will go to Nuh (peace be upon him) and request him to intercede for them with his Lord, for Allah chose him from among the people and accepted his supplication, as a result of which He did not leave a single disbeliever on earth. But Nuh (peace be upon him) will excuse himself, saying: I cannot do this, go to Ibrahim (peace be upon him), Allah made him His Khalil (close friend). So they will go to Ibrahim (peace be upon him) and mention their case to him, but he too will excuse himself, saying: I cannot do this, go to Musa (peace be upon him), Allah granted him the honor of speaking directly to Him. But Musa (peace be upon him) will also say: I cannot do this, go to Isa (peace be upon him), Allah gave him the special ability to cure those born blind, heal lepers, and bring the dead to life. But Isa (peace be upon him) will also say: I cannot do this, but go to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), the leader of the children of Adam. On the Day of Resurrection, the earth will split open for him first, and he will be the first to rise. So go to him, he can intercede for you with your Lord.
Meanwhile, Jibril (peace be upon him) will come to Allah Almighty, and Allah will command him: Give permission to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and give him glad tidings of Paradise. Jibril (peace be upon him) will take him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) will perform a long prostration before Allah, as long as a week. Finally, Allah will say: O Muhammad! Raise your head, speak and you will be heard, intercede and your intercession will be accepted. He (peace and blessings be upon him) will raise his head, but as soon as he sees his Lord, he will again fall into prostration and remain in prostration for a week. Then Allah will say: Raise your head, speak and you will be heard, intercede and your intercession will be accepted. He will again begin to prostrate, and Jibril (peace be upon him) will take hold of his arms. Then Allah will teach him such supplications as He has never taught anyone before. He (peace and blessings be upon him) will say: O my Lord! You made me the leader of the children of Adam, I do not boast about it. On the Day of Resurrection, I will be the first to rise from the earth, I do not boast about it. And more people will come to my pond to drink than the number of people who can fit between Sana and Aylah. Then it will be announced: Call the Siddiqeen (the truthful), they will come and intercede for the sinners. Then it will be announced: Call the Prophets, so a Prophet will come with a small group of followers, some Prophets will have five, some six followers, and some Prophets will have no one with them. Then it will be announced: Call the martyrs, they too will intercede for whomever they wish. When the martyrs have finished interceding, Allah will say: I am the Most Merciful of the merciful, take to Paradise everyone who did not associate partners with Me. So such people will enter Paradise. Then Allah will say: Look into Hell, do you see anyone who has ever done any good deed? So a man in Hell will be asked: Did you ever do any good deed? He will say: No, I never did any good deed, but when buying and selling, I used to be lenient with people. Allah will say: Just as he was lenient with My servants, you also be lenient with this servant of Mine. After that, another man will be brought out from Hell, and he will be asked if he ever did any good deed. He will say: No, but I told my son that when I die, burn me with fire, then crush my ashes, and when I become as fine as kohl, scatter my ashes towards the sea in the wind. By Allah, by doing so, the Lord of the worlds will have no power over me. Allah will say to him: Why did you do this? He will say: O Allah! Out of fear of You. Allah will say: Imagine the kingdom of the greatest king, you will be given that and ten times more in Paradise. Upon hearing this, he will say: O Allah! You are the King, why are You joking with me? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: This was the matter because of which I smiled at the time of Duha.
Meanwhile, Jibril (peace be upon him) will come to Allah Almighty, and Allah will command him: Give permission to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and give him glad tidings of Paradise. Jibril (peace be upon him) will take him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) will perform a long prostration before Allah, as long as a week. Finally, Allah will say: O Muhammad! Raise your head, speak and you will be heard, intercede and your intercession will be accepted. He (peace and blessings be upon him) will raise his head, but as soon as he sees his Lord, he will again fall into prostration and remain in prostration for a week. Then Allah will say: Raise your head, speak and you will be heard, intercede and your intercession will be accepted. He will again begin to prostrate, and Jibril (peace be upon him) will take hold of his arms. Then Allah will teach him such supplications as He has never taught anyone before. He (peace and blessings be upon him) will say: O my Lord! You made me the leader of the children of Adam, I do not boast about it. On the Day of Resurrection, I will be the first to rise from the earth, I do not boast about it. And more people will come to my pond to drink than the number of people who can fit between Sana and Aylah. Then it will be announced: Call the Siddiqeen (the truthful), they will come and intercede for the sinners. Then it will be announced: Call the Prophets, so a Prophet will come with a small group of followers, some Prophets will have five, some six followers, and some Prophets will have no one with them. Then it will be announced: Call the martyrs, they too will intercede for whomever they wish. When the martyrs have finished interceding, Allah will say: I am the Most Merciful of the merciful, take to Paradise everyone who did not associate partners with Me. So such people will enter Paradise. Then Allah will say: Look into Hell, do you see anyone who has ever done any good deed? So a man in Hell will be asked: Did you ever do any good deed? He will say: No, I never did any good deed, but when buying and selling, I used to be lenient with people. Allah will say: Just as he was lenient with My servants, you also be lenient with this servant of Mine. After that, another man will be brought out from Hell, and he will be asked if he ever did any good deed. He will say: No, but I told my son that when I die, burn me with fire, then crush my ashes, and when I become as fine as kohl, scatter my ashes towards the sea in the wind. By Allah, by doing so, the Lord of the worlds will have no power over me. Allah will say to him: Why did you do this? He will say: O Allah! Out of fear of You. Allah will say: Imagine the kingdom of the greatest king, you will be given that and ten times more in Paradise. Upon hearing this, he will say: O Allah! You are the King, why are You joking with me? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: This was the matter because of which I smiled at the time of Duha.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … Allamah Ibn Abi al-‘Izz al-Hanafi rahimahullah, while writing the commentary of al-‘Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah, says:
“And what is truly astonishing is that the Imams have narrated this hadith through many of its chains, yet they do not mention the matter of the first intercession, in which there is mention of the coming of the Lord, Glorified and Exalted is He, for the judgment to be passed, as has been reported in the hadith of the Trumpet (hadith al-sūr). For this is what is intended in this context, and it is what the beginning of the hadith sequence necessitates. For the people will seek intercession from Adam and then from the Prophets after him, so that judgment may be passed between the people and they may be relieved from their standing, as is indicated by the context of all its various chains. However, when the time for this intercession comes, they (the hadith scholars) mention only the intercession for the sinful ones of the Ummah and their being taken out from the Fire. The purpose of the Salaf in restricting themselves to this portion of the hadith was to refute the Khawarij and those among the Mu‘tazilah who followed them in this matter, who denied that anyone would exit the Fire after entering it. Therefore, the Imams and hadith scholars would mention only that part of the hadith in which there is an explicit text refuting them, regarding what they have adopted of innovation that opposes the hadiths. And indeed, explicit mention of this has come in the hadith of the Trumpet. And were it not for fear of prolongation, I would have quoted it in full, but from its content is: that they will come to Adam, then to Nuh, then to Ibrahim, then to Musa, then to ‘Isa, then they will come to the Messenger of Allah Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam will go and prostrate beneath the Throne at a place called al-Fahs. Allah will say: ‘What is your concern?’—and He is most knowing. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: I will say, ‘O my Lord, You promised me intercession, so intercede me for Your creation, so judge between them.’ He, Glorified and Exalted is He, will say: ‘I have granted you intercession. I am coming to judge between them.’ He (the Prophet) said: So I will return and stand with the people. Then he mentioned the splitting of the heavens and the descent of the angels in the clouds. Then the Lord, Glorified and Exalted is He, will come for the judgment, and the cherubim and the nearest angels will glorify Him with various kinds of glorification. He said: Then Allah will place His Throne (kursiyy) wherever He wills on His earth. Then He will say: ‘Indeed, I have been silent towards you since I created you until this day of yours, listening to your words and seeing your deeds. So now be silent for Me. It is only your deeds and your records that will be read to you. Whoever finds good, let him praise Allah, and whoever finds other than that, let him blame none but himself.’ Until he said: When the people of Paradise reach Paradise, they will say: ‘Who will intercede for us to our Lord so that we may enter Paradise?’ They will say: ‘Who is more deserving of this than your father? Indeed, Allah created him with His own hand, breathed into him of His spirit, and spoke to him directly.’ So they will come to Adam and request this from him. Then he mentioned Nuh, then Ibrahim, then Musa, then ‘Isa, then Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, until he said: The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: So I will come to Paradise and take hold of the ring of the door, then I will seek for it to be opened, and it will be opened for me, and I will be greeted and welcomed. When I enter Paradise and look towards my Lord, I will fall down in prostration to Him. Then Allah will inspire me with words of praise and glorification for Him, such as He has not inspired to anyone among His creation. Then Allah will say to me: ‘O Muhammad, raise your head, intercede, your intercession will be accepted, ask, you will be given.’ When I raise my head, Allah, and He is most knowing, will say: ‘What is your concern?’ I will say: ‘O my Lord, You promised me intercession, so intercede me for the people of Paradise that they may enter Paradise.’ Allah, Mighty and Majestic, will say: ‘I have granted you intercession, and I have permitted them to enter Paradise…’”
This hadith has been narrated by the Imams: Ibn Jarir in his Tafsir, al-Tabarani, Abu Ya‘la al-Mawsili, al-Bayhaqi, and others.
Translation: It is greatly astonishing that the Imams and hadith scholars have mentioned this hadith through many chains, but have not mentioned that first intercession in which there is mention of Allah, Exalted is He, coming for the reckoning, as has been narrated in the hadith of the Trumpet, whereas in this context, it was this intercession that was required to be mentioned, and the beginning of these hadiths also necessitates this, because people will go to Adam alayhis salam and the Prophets and Messengers after him to seek intercession so that judgment may be passed between the people and they may be relieved from their standing, as is indicated by the context of all the chains. However, when the time for this intercession comes, the hadith scholars mention only the intercession made for the sinful ones of the Ummah and their being taken out from Hellfire. In reality, the purpose of the Salaf in mentioning this type of intercession was to refute the Khawarij and their followers among the Mu‘tazilah in this issue, who denied that anyone would exit Hell after entering it. Therefore, the Imams and hadith scholars would mention only that part of the hadith which contains an explicit text refuting these (false sects) and their innovation and opposition to the hadiths. Whereas in the hadith of the Trumpet, the complete clarification of the Greatest Intercession (shafa‘ah ‘uzma) has been given. If there were not the fear of prolongation, I would have mentioned the entire hadith, but in any case, the content of this hadith related to this subject is as follows: The Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: The people will go one after another to Adam, Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, and ‘Isa radi Allahu anhum, and then they will reach Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. Then he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam will proceed and prostrate at the place of al-Fahs beneath the Throne. Then Allah, Exalted is He, will say to him: ‘What is your concern?’—while He is most knowing. He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam will say: ‘O my Lord! You promised me intercession, so now accept my intercession and judge between Your creation.’ Allah, Exalted is He, will say: ‘I have accepted your intercession, and I am coming to judge between them.’ Then he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: ‘So I will return and stand with the people…’ Then he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam mentioned the splitting of the heavens and the descent of the angels in the clouds. Then Allah, Exalted is He, will come for the judgment, and at that time the nearest angels will glorify Him with various kinds of glorification. Then Allah, Exalted is He, will place His Throne (kursiyy) wherever He wills on His earth. Then He will say: (O My creation, listen!) Since I created you, up until this day of yours, I have remained silent, listening to your words and watching your deeds. So today, you be silent for Me. Only your deeds and your records will be read to you. Whoever finds good, let him praise Allah, and whoever finds otherwise, let him blame only himself… until he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: When the people of Paradise reach Paradise, they will say: ‘Who is there who will intercede for us before our Lord so that we may enter Paradise?’ In response, others will say: ‘Who is more deserving of this than your father (Adam alayhis salam)? After all, Allah created him with His own hand, breathed into him of His spirit, and spoke to him directly.’ So they will come to Adam alayhis salam and request this from him… Then he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam mentioned Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, ‘Isa radi Allahu anhum, and then Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, until he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: ‘So I will come to Paradise, take hold of the ring of the door, and request for it to be opened. So the door will be opened for me, and I will be greeted and welcomed. When I enter Paradise and look towards my Lord, I will fall down in prostration to Him. At that time, Allah will inspire me with such words of praise and glorification for Him as He has not inspired to anyone among His creation. Finally, Allah will say: “O Muhammad! Rise, intercede, your intercession will be accepted, ask, you will be given.” When I raise my head, Allah will say—and He is most knowing—“What is your concern?” I will say: “O my Lord! You promised me intercession, so now accept my intercession for the people of Paradise that they may enter Paradise.” Allah, Mighty and Majestic, will reply: “I have accepted your intercession and have permitted them to enter Paradise.”’ Ibn Jarir has narrated this hadith in his Tafsir, and Imam al-Tabarani, Imam Abu Ya‘la al-Mawsili, and Imam al-Bayhaqi and others have also narrated it. (Sharh al-‘Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah: 2/62–65)
“And what is truly astonishing is that the Imams have narrated this hadith through many of its chains, yet they do not mention the matter of the first intercession, in which there is mention of the coming of the Lord, Glorified and Exalted is He, for the judgment to be passed, as has been reported in the hadith of the Trumpet (hadith al-sūr). For this is what is intended in this context, and it is what the beginning of the hadith sequence necessitates. For the people will seek intercession from Adam and then from the Prophets after him, so that judgment may be passed between the people and they may be relieved from their standing, as is indicated by the context of all its various chains. However, when the time for this intercession comes, they (the hadith scholars) mention only the intercession for the sinful ones of the Ummah and their being taken out from the Fire. The purpose of the Salaf in restricting themselves to this portion of the hadith was to refute the Khawarij and those among the Mu‘tazilah who followed them in this matter, who denied that anyone would exit the Fire after entering it. Therefore, the Imams and hadith scholars would mention only that part of the hadith in which there is an explicit text refuting them, regarding what they have adopted of innovation that opposes the hadiths. And indeed, explicit mention of this has come in the hadith of the Trumpet. And were it not for fear of prolongation, I would have quoted it in full, but from its content is: that they will come to Adam, then to Nuh, then to Ibrahim, then to Musa, then to ‘Isa, then they will come to the Messenger of Allah Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam will go and prostrate beneath the Throne at a place called al-Fahs. Allah will say: ‘What is your concern?’—and He is most knowing. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: I will say, ‘O my Lord, You promised me intercession, so intercede me for Your creation, so judge between them.’ He, Glorified and Exalted is He, will say: ‘I have granted you intercession. I am coming to judge between them.’ He (the Prophet) said: So I will return and stand with the people. Then he mentioned the splitting of the heavens and the descent of the angels in the clouds. Then the Lord, Glorified and Exalted is He, will come for the judgment, and the cherubim and the nearest angels will glorify Him with various kinds of glorification. He said: Then Allah will place His Throne (kursiyy) wherever He wills on His earth. Then He will say: ‘Indeed, I have been silent towards you since I created you until this day of yours, listening to your words and seeing your deeds. So now be silent for Me. It is only your deeds and your records that will be read to you. Whoever finds good, let him praise Allah, and whoever finds other than that, let him blame none but himself.’ Until he said: When the people of Paradise reach Paradise, they will say: ‘Who will intercede for us to our Lord so that we may enter Paradise?’ They will say: ‘Who is more deserving of this than your father? Indeed, Allah created him with His own hand, breathed into him of His spirit, and spoke to him directly.’ So they will come to Adam and request this from him. Then he mentioned Nuh, then Ibrahim, then Musa, then ‘Isa, then Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, until he said: The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: So I will come to Paradise and take hold of the ring of the door, then I will seek for it to be opened, and it will be opened for me, and I will be greeted and welcomed. When I enter Paradise and look towards my Lord, I will fall down in prostration to Him. Then Allah will inspire me with words of praise and glorification for Him, such as He has not inspired to anyone among His creation. Then Allah will say to me: ‘O Muhammad, raise your head, intercede, your intercession will be accepted, ask, you will be given.’ When I raise my head, Allah, and He is most knowing, will say: ‘What is your concern?’ I will say: ‘O my Lord, You promised me intercession, so intercede me for the people of Paradise that they may enter Paradise.’ Allah, Mighty and Majestic, will say: ‘I have granted you intercession, and I have permitted them to enter Paradise…’”
This hadith has been narrated by the Imams: Ibn Jarir in his Tafsir, al-Tabarani, Abu Ya‘la al-Mawsili, al-Bayhaqi, and others.
Translation: It is greatly astonishing that the Imams and hadith scholars have mentioned this hadith through many chains, but have not mentioned that first intercession in which there is mention of Allah, Exalted is He, coming for the reckoning, as has been narrated in the hadith of the Trumpet, whereas in this context, it was this intercession that was required to be mentioned, and the beginning of these hadiths also necessitates this, because people will go to Adam alayhis salam and the Prophets and Messengers after him to seek intercession so that judgment may be passed between the people and they may be relieved from their standing, as is indicated by the context of all the chains. However, when the time for this intercession comes, the hadith scholars mention only the intercession made for the sinful ones of the Ummah and their being taken out from Hellfire. In reality, the purpose of the Salaf in mentioning this type of intercession was to refute the Khawarij and their followers among the Mu‘tazilah in this issue, who denied that anyone would exit Hell after entering it. Therefore, the Imams and hadith scholars would mention only that part of the hadith which contains an explicit text refuting these (false sects) and their innovation and opposition to the hadiths. Whereas in the hadith of the Trumpet, the complete clarification of the Greatest Intercession (shafa‘ah ‘uzma) has been given. If there were not the fear of prolongation, I would have mentioned the entire hadith, but in any case, the content of this hadith related to this subject is as follows: The Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: The people will go one after another to Adam, Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, and ‘Isa radi Allahu anhum, and then they will reach Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. Then he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam will proceed and prostrate at the place of al-Fahs beneath the Throne. Then Allah, Exalted is He, will say to him: ‘What is your concern?’—while He is most knowing. He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam will say: ‘O my Lord! You promised me intercession, so now accept my intercession and judge between Your creation.’ Allah, Exalted is He, will say: ‘I have accepted your intercession, and I am coming to judge between them.’ Then he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: ‘So I will return and stand with the people…’ Then he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam mentioned the splitting of the heavens and the descent of the angels in the clouds. Then Allah, Exalted is He, will come for the judgment, and at that time the nearest angels will glorify Him with various kinds of glorification. Then Allah, Exalted is He, will place His Throne (kursiyy) wherever He wills on His earth. Then He will say: (O My creation, listen!) Since I created you, up until this day of yours, I have remained silent, listening to your words and watching your deeds. So today, you be silent for Me. Only your deeds and your records will be read to you. Whoever finds good, let him praise Allah, and whoever finds otherwise, let him blame only himself… until he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: When the people of Paradise reach Paradise, they will say: ‘Who is there who will intercede for us before our Lord so that we may enter Paradise?’ In response, others will say: ‘Who is more deserving of this than your father (Adam alayhis salam)? After all, Allah created him with His own hand, breathed into him of His spirit, and spoke to him directly.’ So they will come to Adam alayhis salam and request this from him… Then he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam mentioned Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, ‘Isa radi Allahu anhum, and then Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, until he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: ‘So I will come to Paradise, take hold of the ring of the door, and request for it to be opened. So the door will be opened for me, and I will be greeted and welcomed. When I enter Paradise and look towards my Lord, I will fall down in prostration to Him. At that time, Allah will inspire me with such words of praise and glorification for Him as He has not inspired to anyone among His creation. Finally, Allah will say: “O Muhammad! Rise, intercede, your intercession will be accepted, ask, you will be given.” When I raise my head, Allah will say—and He is most knowing—“What is your concern?” I will say: “O my Lord! You promised me intercession, so now accept my intercession for the people of Paradise that they may enter Paradise.” Allah, Mighty and Majestic, will reply: “I have accepted your intercession and have permitted them to enter Paradise.”’ Ibn Jarir has narrated this hadith in his Tafsir, and Imam al-Tabarani, Imam Abu Ya‘la al-Mawsili, and Imam al-Bayhaqi and others have also narrated it. (Sharh al-‘Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah: 2/62–65)
