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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
ظهور يأجوج ومأجوج من علامات الساعة الكبرىThe Appearance of Gog and Magog as One of the Major Signs of the Hour
طلوع الشَّمْسِ مِنْ مَغْرِبِهَا وَعَلْقُ بَابِ التَّوْبَةِThe rising of the sun from the west and the closing of the door of repentance
Hadith 13032
اُردوEn
وَعَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ كُنْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى حِمَارٍ وَعَلَيْهِ بَرْذَعَةٌ أَوْ قَطِيفَةٌ قَالَ فَذَلِكَ عِنْدَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ فَقَالَ لِي ”يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ هَلْ تَدْرِي أَيْنَ تَغِيبُ هَذِهِ“ قَالَ قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ”فَإِنَّهَا تَغْرُبُ فِي عَيْنٍ حَامِئَةٍ تَنْطَلِقُ حَتَّى تَخِرَّ لِرَبِّهَا عَزَّ وَجَلَّ سَاجِدَةً تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ فَإِذَا حَانَ خُرُوجُهَا أَذِنَ اللَّهُ لَهَا فَتَخْرُجُ فَتَطْلُعُ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُطْلِعَهَا مِنْ حَيْثُ تَغْرُبُ حَبَسَهَا فَتَقُولُ يَا رَبِّ إِنَّ مَسِيرِي بَعِيدٌ فَيَقُولُ لَهَا اطْلَعِي مِنْ حَيْثُ غِبْتِ فَذَلِكَ حِينٌ لَا يَنْفَعُ نَفْسًا إِيمَانُهَا“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I was riding on a donkey with the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and on that donkey was a blanket (which is placed under the saddle of the animal). It was the time of sunset. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: Abu Dharr! Do you know where this sun sets? I said: Allah and His Messenger know best. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: It sets in a spring of muddy water, then it continues on until it prostrates beneath the Throne of Allah Almighty. When its time to rise comes, Allah Almighty gives it permission to rise, and it goes and rises. But when Allah Almighty wills that it should rise from the west, Allah Almighty will stop it. The sun will say: O Lord! My journey is very long. Then Allah Almighty will say to it: Rise from where you have set. That will be a time when believing will not benefit anyone.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … The sun setting in a muddy spring—Allah Ta’ala, while narrating the story of Dhul-Qarnayn, said:
{اِذَا بَلَغَ مَغْرِبَ الشَّمْسِ وَجَدَہَا تَغْرُبُ فِیْ عَیْنٍ حَمِئَۃٍ وَّوَجَدَ عِنْدَہَا قَوْمًا قُلْنَا یٰذَا الْقَرْنَیْنِ اِمَّآ اَنْ تُعَذِّبَ وَاِمَّآ اَنْ تَتَّخِذَ فِیْہِمْ حُسْنًا} … Until, when he reached the setting place of the sun, he found it setting in a spring of black muddy water, and he found near it a people. We said: O Dhul-Qarnayn! Either punish them or treat them with kindness. (Surah al-Kahf: 86)
Dhul-Qarnayn traveled on a path and, relying on the signs of the earth, journeyed toward the western side of the earth, until he reached the place where the sun sets. It should be remembered that this does not refer to that part of the sky where the sun actually sets, because reaching there is impossible for anyone. Rather, Dhul-Qarnayn reached as far as it is possible to go on the earth in that direction.
In short, when he reached the extreme west, it appeared as if the sun was setting in the encircling ocean. Whoever stands on the shore of a sea and watches the sun set will see this very scene before him—that it seems as though the sun is sinking into the water.
The word Ḥami’ah is either derived from ḥamāh, meaning sticky mud. In one qira’ah (recitation), it is read as fī ‘aynin ḥāmiyah, meaning he found it setting in a hot spring. Both recitations are well-known and both are correct, and there is no difference in their meaning, because due to the sun’s proximity, the water would be hot, and because of the black color of the mud there, its water would appear muddy.
Sayyiduna Mu’awiyah radi Allahu anhu sent a man to Ka‘b rahimahullah to ask: Where does the sun set? Is there anything about this in the Torah? Ka‘b rahimahullah replied that he should ask the Arabs, for they are the most knowledgeable about this. As for the Torah, I find in it that the sun hides in water and mud, that is, in clay, and he gestured with his hand toward the west.
The sun setting beneath the Throne and prostrating—It is necessary to have faith in authentic ahadith that contain such matters, and it is not necessary to understand their modality (kayfiyyah), while the sun is always beneath the Throne, and there is not a single moment in which it is not submissive before its Lord, as Allah Ta’ala says: {اَلَمْ تَرَ اَنَّ اللَّہَ یَسْجُدُ لَہُ مَنْ فِی السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِی الْاَرْضِ وَالشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ وَالنُّجُوْمُ وَالْجِبَالُ وَالشَّجَرُ وَالدَّوَابُّ وَالْأَنْعَامُ وَکَثِیْرٌ مِّنَ النَّاسِ} … Do you not see that to Allah prostrates whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth—the sun, the moon, the stars, the mountains, the trees, the animals, and many among mankind? (Surah al-Hajj: 18)
Abu’l-‘Aliyah said: Every star, the sun, and the moon that are in the sky prostrate to Allah Ta’ala at the time of setting, then they are permitted to proceed further. While it is also known that the sun is always in the celestial sphere, thus it is always glorifying (tasbih) in the sky and always prostrating, and every night it seeks permission, as the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam has said. It prostrates in the manner appropriate for it and expresses humility and submission before Allah Ta’ala.
{اِذَا بَلَغَ مَغْرِبَ الشَّمْسِ وَجَدَہَا تَغْرُبُ فِیْ عَیْنٍ حَمِئَۃٍ وَّوَجَدَ عِنْدَہَا قَوْمًا قُلْنَا یٰذَا الْقَرْنَیْنِ اِمَّآ اَنْ تُعَذِّبَ وَاِمَّآ اَنْ تَتَّخِذَ فِیْہِمْ حُسْنًا} … Until, when he reached the setting place of the sun, he found it setting in a spring of black muddy water, and he found near it a people. We said: O Dhul-Qarnayn! Either punish them or treat them with kindness. (Surah al-Kahf: 86)
Dhul-Qarnayn traveled on a path and, relying on the signs of the earth, journeyed toward the western side of the earth, until he reached the place where the sun sets. It should be remembered that this does not refer to that part of the sky where the sun actually sets, because reaching there is impossible for anyone. Rather, Dhul-Qarnayn reached as far as it is possible to go on the earth in that direction.
In short, when he reached the extreme west, it appeared as if the sun was setting in the encircling ocean. Whoever stands on the shore of a sea and watches the sun set will see this very scene before him—that it seems as though the sun is sinking into the water.
The word Ḥami’ah is either derived from ḥamāh, meaning sticky mud. In one qira’ah (recitation), it is read as fī ‘aynin ḥāmiyah, meaning he found it setting in a hot spring. Both recitations are well-known and both are correct, and there is no difference in their meaning, because due to the sun’s proximity, the water would be hot, and because of the black color of the mud there, its water would appear muddy.
Sayyiduna Mu’awiyah radi Allahu anhu sent a man to Ka‘b rahimahullah to ask: Where does the sun set? Is there anything about this in the Torah? Ka‘b rahimahullah replied that he should ask the Arabs, for they are the most knowledgeable about this. As for the Torah, I find in it that the sun hides in water and mud, that is, in clay, and he gestured with his hand toward the west.
The sun setting beneath the Throne and prostrating—It is necessary to have faith in authentic ahadith that contain such matters, and it is not necessary to understand their modality (kayfiyyah), while the sun is always beneath the Throne, and there is not a single moment in which it is not submissive before its Lord, as Allah Ta’ala says: {اَلَمْ تَرَ اَنَّ اللَّہَ یَسْجُدُ لَہُ مَنْ فِی السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِی الْاَرْضِ وَالشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ وَالنُّجُوْمُ وَالْجِبَالُ وَالشَّجَرُ وَالدَّوَابُّ وَالْأَنْعَامُ وَکَثِیْرٌ مِّنَ النَّاسِ} … Do you not see that to Allah prostrates whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth—the sun, the moon, the stars, the mountains, the trees, the animals, and many among mankind? (Surah al-Hajj: 18)
Abu’l-‘Aliyah said: Every star, the sun, and the moon that are in the sky prostrate to Allah Ta’ala at the time of setting, then they are permitted to proceed further. While it is also known that the sun is always in the celestial sphere, thus it is always glorifying (tasbih) in the sky and always prostrating, and every night it seeks permission, as the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam has said. It prostrates in the manner appropriate for it and expresses humility and submission before Allah Ta’ala.
