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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الخلافة والإمارةThe Book of Caliphate and Leadership
الفَصْلُ الثَّالِثُ فَتْحُ بَيْتِ الْمُقَدَّسِ وَخُطْبَتِهِ الْمَشْهُورَةِ بِالْجَابِيَّةِ وَعَرْلِهِ خَالِدِ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مِنَ الْإِمَارَةِ سَنَةَ ١٦The Third Section: The Conquest of Jerusalem, His Famous Sermon at al-Jabiyah, and His Removal of Khalid ibn al-Walid from Leadership in the Year 16
Hadith 12222
اُردوEn
عَنْ نَاشِرَةَ بْنِ سُمَيٍّ الْيَزَنِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ يَقُولُ فِي يَوْمِ الْجَابِيَةِ وَهُوَ يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ جَعَلَنِي خَازِنًا لِهَذَا الْمَالِ وَقَاسِمَهُ لَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ بَلِ اللَّهُ يَقْسِمُهُ وَأَنَا بَادِئٌ بِأَهْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ أَشْرَفِهِمْ فَفَرَضَ لِأَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَشْرَةَ آلَافٍ إِلَّا جُوَيْرِيَةَ وَصَفِيَّةَ وَمَيْمُونَةَ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَعْدِلُ بَيْنَنَا فَعَدَلَ بَيْنَهُنَّ عُمَرُ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنِّي بَادِئٌ بِأَصْحَابِي الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ فَإِنَّا أُخْرِجْنَا مِنْ دِيَارِنَا ظُلْمًا وَعُدْوَانًا ثُمَّ أَشْرَفِهِمْ فَفَرَضَ لِأَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ مِنْهُمْ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ وَلِمَنْ كَانَ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ وَلِمَنْ شَهِدَ أُحُدًا ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ قَالَ وَمَنْ أَسْرَعَ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ أَسْرَعَ بِهِ الْعَطَاءُ وَمَنْ أَبْطَأَ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ أَبْطَأَ بِهِ الْعَطَاءُ فَلَا يَلُومَنَّ رَجُلٌ إِلَّا مُنَاخَ رَاحِلَتِهِ وَإِنِّي أَعْتَذِرُ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ إِنِّي أَمَرْتُهُ أَنْ يَحْبِسَ هَذَا الْمَالَ عَلَى ضَعَفَةِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ فَأَعْطَى ذَا الْبَأْسِ وَذَا الشَّرَفِ وَذَا اللَّسَانَةِ فَنَزَعْتُهُ وَأَمَّرْتُ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَعْذَرْتَ يَا عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ لَقَدْ نَزَعْتَ عَامِلًا اسْتَعْمَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَغَمَدْتَ سَيْفًا سَلَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَوَضَعْتَ لِوَاءً نَصَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَقَدْ قَطَعْتَ الرَّحِمَ وَحَسَدْتَ ابْنَ الْعَمِّ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ إِنَّكَ قَرِيبُ الْقَرَابَةِ حَدِيثُ السِّنِّ مُغْضَبٌ مِنْ ابْنِ عَمِّكَ
It is narrated from Nashirah bin Sami Yazni, who says: I heard Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) at the place of Jabiyah, addressing the people. He said: Allah Almighty has made me the treasurer and distributor of this wealth. Then he said: In reality, Allah Almighty is the One Who distributes. Now, when I distribute, I begin with the family of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), then after them, I give to whoever is most virtuous. Thus, he fixed ten thousand for each of the pure wives except for Sayyidah Juwayriyyah, Sayyidah Safiyyah, and Sayyidah Maymunah (may Allah be pleased with them), but when Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to treat us with justice and equality, so Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) gave everyone an equal share. Then he said: Now I will first give to those who are among the earliest emigrants, because these people were wronged and oppressed and were expelled from their homes. After them, I will give to those who are people of virtue and honor. Thus, he fixed five thousand for the Companions of Badr, four thousand for the Ansari Badr Companions, and three thousand for the participants of Uhud. Along with this, he said: Whoever hastened in migration will be given more, and whoever delayed in migration, I will give him a lesser share. Every man should blame the place where his camel sat (i.e., if someone is given a lesser share, it is due to his own delay, he should not blame us). And I present an excuse before you regarding Khalid bin Walid (may Allah be pleased with him)—I had ordered him to distribute this wealth among the weak emigrants, but he distributed this wealth among the healthy, the people of status, and the clever ones. Therefore, I am taking this responsibility from him and handing it over to Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (may Allah be pleased with him). Upon hearing this, Abu Umar bin Hafs bin Mughira said: By Allah! O Umar bin Khattab! Your excuse is not acceptable. You have dismissed that official whom the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had appointed. You have sheathed that sword which the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had unsheathed, and you have folded that flag which the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had set up, and by doing this, you have severed ties with your cousin and shown envy towards him. Hearing these words, Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: You are a close relative of your cousin and young in age, so you are showing partiality towards him.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … Sayyiduna Khalid ibn al-Walid radi Allahu anhu, in terms of his valor and bravery, was a precious jewel in the crown of Islam and among the most honored and influential elders of his time.
Abdul Malik ibn Umair says: “Umar ibn al-Khattab appointed Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah as governor over al-Sham and removed Khalid ibn al-Walid. Khalid ibn al-Walid said: ‘The trustworthy one (amin) of this ummah has been appointed as your leader. I heard the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam say: “The trustworthy one of this ummah is Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah.”’ Abu Ubaydah said: ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam say: “Khalid is a sword from among the swords of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, and the best youth of his tribe.”’” (Musnad Ahmad: 4/90)
Subhan Allah! The noble Companions (Sahabah) were united in love and harmony; they were pure-hearted towards one another. See how, when Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab radi Allahu anhu, for certain reasons, removed the great conqueror and commander Sayyiduna Khalid ibn al-Walid radi Allahu anhu, he responded to the command of the Caliph of the time with full submission and welcomed his successor with such devotion. Then, observe how his successor described the greatness of Sayyiduna Khalid. These are the results of true love.
Khalid ibn al-Walid radi Allahu anhu is a world-renowned and extremely famous commander of Islam. In fact, it would not be an exaggeration to say that, in general, he is the most celebrated commander of the conquests. His fame and renown are the result of his outstanding achievements, which he accomplished due to his natural and highly distinguished qualities. He was exceptionally intelligent, alert, and quick-witted. He participated in a total of thirty battles, both major and minor. During the blessed life of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, he displayed such vigilance, prudence, planning, fearlessness, courage, and bravery in battles that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam gave him the title “the Sword of Allah.”
al-Fasl al-Rabi‘: And among these is the plague of ‘Amwas in al-Sham in the year eighteen (18 AH)
Chapter Four: Mention of the Plague of ‘Amwas that struck al-Sham in 18 AH
It is narrated from Abdullah ibn ‘Amir ibn Rabi‘ah that Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab set out for al-Sham. When he reached the place called Sargh, he received news that an epidemic (the plague) had spread in al-Sham. Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman ibn ‘Awf radi Allahu anhu informed him that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “When you hear that a plague has broken out in a land, do not go there; and if it breaks out in a land while you are in it, do not leave it fleeing from it.” Upon hearing this hadith, Sayyiduna Umar radi Allahu anhu thanked Allah and returned from Sargh.
Abdul Malik ibn Umair says: “Umar ibn al-Khattab appointed Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah as governor over al-Sham and removed Khalid ibn al-Walid. Khalid ibn al-Walid said: ‘The trustworthy one (amin) of this ummah has been appointed as your leader. I heard the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam say: “The trustworthy one of this ummah is Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah.”’ Abu Ubaydah said: ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam say: “Khalid is a sword from among the swords of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, and the best youth of his tribe.”’” (Musnad Ahmad: 4/90)
Subhan Allah! The noble Companions (Sahabah) were united in love and harmony; they were pure-hearted towards one another. See how, when Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab radi Allahu anhu, for certain reasons, removed the great conqueror and commander Sayyiduna Khalid ibn al-Walid radi Allahu anhu, he responded to the command of the Caliph of the time with full submission and welcomed his successor with such devotion. Then, observe how his successor described the greatness of Sayyiduna Khalid. These are the results of true love.
Khalid ibn al-Walid radi Allahu anhu is a world-renowned and extremely famous commander of Islam. In fact, it would not be an exaggeration to say that, in general, he is the most celebrated commander of the conquests. His fame and renown are the result of his outstanding achievements, which he accomplished due to his natural and highly distinguished qualities. He was exceptionally intelligent, alert, and quick-witted. He participated in a total of thirty battles, both major and minor. During the blessed life of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, he displayed such vigilance, prudence, planning, fearlessness, courage, and bravery in battles that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam gave him the title “the Sword of Allah.”
al-Fasl al-Rabi‘: And among these is the plague of ‘Amwas in al-Sham in the year eighteen (18 AH)
Chapter Four: Mention of the Plague of ‘Amwas that struck al-Sham in 18 AH
It is narrated from Abdullah ibn ‘Amir ibn Rabi‘ah that Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab set out for al-Sham. When he reached the place called Sargh, he received news that an epidemic (the plague) had spread in al-Sham. Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman ibn ‘Awf radi Allahu anhu informed him that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “When you hear that a plague has broken out in a land, do not go there; and if it breaks out in a land while you are in it, do not leave it fleeing from it.” Upon hearing this hadith, Sayyiduna Umar radi Allahu anhu thanked Allah and returned from Sargh.
