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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الخلافة والإمارةThe Book of Caliphate and Leadership
الْفَضْلُ الثَّانِي وَمِمَّا حَصَلَ فِي خِلَافَتِهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَقَعَهُ الیرموكِ سَنَةَ ١٥The Second Virtue Regarding What Occurred During His Caliphate: The Battle of Yarmouk in the Year 15
Hadith 12219
اُردوEn
عَنْ سِمَاكٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عِيَاضًا الْأَشْعَرِيَّ قَالَ شَهِدْتُ الْيَرْمُوكَ وَعَلَيْنَا خَمْسَةُ أُمَرَاءَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَابْنُ حَسَنَةَ وَخَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ وَعِيَاضٌ وَلَيْسَ عِيَاضٌ هَذَا بِالَّذِي حَدَّثَ سِمَاكًا قَالَ وَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِذَا كَانَ قِتَالٌ فَعَلَيْكُمْ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَ فَكَتَبْنَا إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ جَاشَ إِلَيْنَا الْمَوْتُ وَاسْتَمْدَدْنَاهُ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْنَا إِنَّهُ قَدْ جَاءَنِي كِتَابُكُمْ تَسْتَمِدُّونِي وَإِنِّي أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَى مَنْ هُوَ أَعَزُّ نَصْرًا وَأَحْضَرُ جُنْدًا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَاسْتَنْصِرُوهُ فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ نُصِرَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فِي أَقَلَّ مِنْ عِدَّتِكُمْ فَإِذَا أَتَاكُمْ كِتَابِي هَذَا فَقَاتِلُوهُمْ وَلَا تُرَاجِعُونِي قَالَ فَقَاتَلْنَاهُمْ فَهَزَمْنَاهُمْ وَقَتَلْنَاهُمْ أَرْبَعَةَ فَرَاسِخَ قَالَ وَأَصَبْنَا أَمْوَالًا فَتَشَاوَرُوا فَأَشَارَ عَلَيْنَا عِيَاضٌ أَنْ نُعْطِيَ عَنْ كُلِّ رَأْسٍ عَشْرَةً قَالَ وَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ مَنْ يُرَاهِنِّي فَقَالَ شَابٌّ أَنَا إِنْ لَمْ تَغْضَبْ قَالَ فَسَبَقَهُ فَرَأَيْتُ عَقِيصَتَيْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ تَنْقُزَانِ وَهُوَ خَلْفَهُ عَلَى فَرَسٍ عَرَبِيٍّ
It is narrated from Iyad Ash'ari, who says: I participated in the Battle of Yarmouk. Five individuals were appointed as commanders over us: Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, Sayyiduna Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan, Sayyiduna Ibn Hasnah, Sayyiduna Khalid ibn Walid, and Sayyiduna Iyad. Here, the Iyad referred to is not the same Iyad from whom Simak narrates hadith, rather, this is another person. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) had instructed that when the battle begins, Abu Ubaidah (may Allah be pleased with him) will be your commander. We wrote to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that death is ready to swallow us, and then we requested further reinforcements from him. In reply, he wrote: I have received your letter; you have requested more reinforcements from me. I direct you towards a great power and multitude: seek help from Allah Almighty. On the day of Badr, your numbers were much fewer than now, yet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was helped. When this letter reaches you, begin fighting the enemy and do not request help from me. Iyad says: When we fought the enemy, we defeated them and killed them for twelve miles, and we obtained a great deal of spoils of war. When the people consulted among themselves, Iyad advised us that we should give ten for every head. Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Who among you will race me on horseback? A young man said: If you are not displeased, I am present. So he came forward. I saw both of Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah’s (may Allah be pleased with him) braids waving in the air. The young man was behind him and was riding an Arabian horse, meaning that the young man remained behind Abu Ubaidah in the race.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … The continuous and successive defeats of Damascus, Homs, and Latakia greatly enraged the Caesar, and he, with intense fervor and agitation, became determined to exert the full might of his empire against the Muslims. A storm of armies surged forth in Antioch. Sayyiduna Abu Ubaydah radi Allahu anhu, in consultation with his officers, evacuated all the conquered territories and concentrated his forces in Damascus to withstand this storm.
On the other hand, when Sayyiduna Umar radi Allahu anhu learned of this, he dispatched Sa‘id bin ‘Amir with a force of one thousand for support, and sent the messenger with this message: O brothers in Islam! After greetings, Umar has sent you this message: Fight with full vigor and attack the enemies like lions, so that they consider you more insignificant than ants. We have complete certainty that Allah’s help is with you and, in the end, victory will be in your hands.
In terms of the necessities of war, the field of Yarmouk on the borders of Jordan was most suitable; therefore, this field was chosen for this important battle. The number of Romans was two hundred thousand, while the Muslims numbered only thirty to thirty-two thousand, but all were men of unique distinction. The significance of this army can be gauged from the fact that nearly one thousand elders were present who had seen the blessed countenance of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam; among them were those who had accompanied the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam in the Battle of Badr. The common warriors also belonged to such tribes that had no equal in bravery and military prowess.
The first battle of Yarmouk ended without result. On the 5th of Rajab, in the year 15 Hijri, the second battle took place. The zeal of the Romans was such that thirty thousand men had shackled their feet so that the thought of fleeing would not even arise. Thousands of priests and bishops, holding crosses in their hands, marched at the front, invoking the name of ‘Isa alayhis salam to incite fervor. With such zeal and preparation, the Romans attacked. A fierce and bloody battle ensued between the two sides, but in the end, before the steadfastness and perseverance of the Muslims, their ranks broke. Nearly one hundred thousand Christians were killed, and three thousand Muslims drank from the cup of martyrdom. When the Caesar received news of this defeat, he bid farewell to Syria with regret and sorrow and departed for Constantinople. When Sayyiduna Umar radi Allahu anhu heard the glad tidings of victory, he immediately fell into prostration and thanked Allah Ta‘ala.
On the other hand, when Sayyiduna Umar radi Allahu anhu learned of this, he dispatched Sa‘id bin ‘Amir with a force of one thousand for support, and sent the messenger with this message: O brothers in Islam! After greetings, Umar has sent you this message: Fight with full vigor and attack the enemies like lions, so that they consider you more insignificant than ants. We have complete certainty that Allah’s help is with you and, in the end, victory will be in your hands.
In terms of the necessities of war, the field of Yarmouk on the borders of Jordan was most suitable; therefore, this field was chosen for this important battle. The number of Romans was two hundred thousand, while the Muslims numbered only thirty to thirty-two thousand, but all were men of unique distinction. The significance of this army can be gauged from the fact that nearly one thousand elders were present who had seen the blessed countenance of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam; among them were those who had accompanied the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam in the Battle of Badr. The common warriors also belonged to such tribes that had no equal in bravery and military prowess.
The first battle of Yarmouk ended without result. On the 5th of Rajab, in the year 15 Hijri, the second battle took place. The zeal of the Romans was such that thirty thousand men had shackled their feet so that the thought of fleeing would not even arise. Thousands of priests and bishops, holding crosses in their hands, marched at the front, invoking the name of ‘Isa alayhis salam to incite fervor. With such zeal and preparation, the Romans attacked. A fierce and bloody battle ensued between the two sides, but in the end, before the steadfastness and perseverance of the Muslims, their ranks broke. Nearly one hundred thousand Christians were killed, and three thousand Muslims drank from the cup of martyrdom. When the Caesar received news of this defeat, he bid farewell to Syria with regret and sorrow and departed for Constantinople. When Sayyiduna Umar radi Allahu anhu heard the glad tidings of victory, he immediately fell into prostration and thanked Allah Ta‘ala.
