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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الخلافة والإمارةThe Book of Caliphate and Leadership
الْفَضْلُ الْخَامِسُ فِي هَيْبَتِهِ وَوَقَارِهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُThe Fifth Virtue Regarding His Awe and Dignity, may Allah be pleased with him
Hadith 12213
اُردوEn
عَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ أَنَّ أَمَةً سَوْدَاءَ أَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَدْ رَجَعَ مِنْ بَعْضِ مَغَازِيهِ فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي كُنْتُ نَذَرْتُ إِنْ رَدَّكَ اللَّهُ صَالِحًا أَنْ أَضْرِبَ عِنْدَكَ بِالدُّفِّ قَالَ ”إِنْ كُنْتِ فَعَلْتِ فَافْعَلِي وَإِنْ كُنْتِ لَمْ تَفْعَلِي فَلَا تَفْعَلِي“ فَضَرَبَتْ فَدَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَهِيَ تَضْرِبُ وَدَخَلَ غَيْرُهُ وَهِيَ تَضْرِبُ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عُمَرُ قَالَ فَجَعَلَتْ دُفَّهَا خَلْفَهَا وَهِيَ مُقَنَّعَةٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ”إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ لَيَفْرَقُ مِنْكَ يَا عُمَرُ أَنَا جَالِسٌ هَاهُنَا وَدَخَلَ هَؤُلَاءِ فَلَمَّا أَنْ دَخَلْتَ فَعَلَتْ مَا فَعَلَتْ“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Buraidah Aslami (may Allah be pleased with him) that once the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) returned from a battle, and a black slave girl came to him and said: I had vowed that if Allah brought you back safely, I would play the drum (duff) before you. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If you have made this vow, then fulfill it, and if you have not made this vow, then leave this act. So she began to play the duff. In the meantime, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came, and she kept playing the duff. Some other companions also came, and she continued to play the duff. But later, when Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) came, she put the duff behind her and started to hide herself. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Umar! Indeed, even Satan is afraid of you. I am sitting here, and these people also came, and this slave girl remained busy playing the duff, but when you came, she did this.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … Although on this occasion it was permissible for the slave girl to beat the duff, as evidenced by the fact that the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam granted permission. This was due to the awe and majesty of Umar radi Allahu anhu, which even the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would take into consideration.
Imam al-Albani rahimahullah said: Because of this hadith, some people have fallen into confusion, and that is: apart from marriage and Eid, beating the duff is an act of disobedience and sin, and it is also impermissible to make a vow (nadhar) involving disobedience, and fulfilling such a vow is also impermissible. So why was permission granted on this occasion?
It appears to me that this woman’s vow was connected to the happiness that would be attained from the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam returning victorious from the expedition. Therefore, she was permitted to beat the duff on this occasion of joy. However, this should remain specific to the victory of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam; the existence of this concession does not mean that permission is granted to beat the duff on all occasions of happiness, because no happiness can compare to the joy of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam returning victorious. Secondly, general legal evidences indicate that the use of musical instruments and the duff, etc., is prohibited, except in those situations where permission for the duff has been granted. (Sahihah: 1609)
Imam al-Albani rahimahullah said in another place: It is well known that the duff is among those musical instruments which are prohibited in Islamic law, and the major Imams, including the four jurists, are agreed upon its prohibition. Authentic hadiths exist on this subject. However, only on the occasions of marriage and the two Eids has permission been granted to beat the duff. The question arises: why did the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam permit this woman to fulfill her vow of beating the duff, even though a vow made in disobedience to Allah is not to be fulfilled?
The answer is that this vow was connected to the happiness she would attain from the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam returning victorious and safe. Therefore, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam instructed her to beat the duff in the manner it is beaten on the occasions of marriage and Eid. And without doubt, the joy of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam returning successfully from an expedition is so great that it cannot even be compared to the happiness of marriage or Eid. Therefore, this ruling should be considered specific to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and no other case should be analogized to it, for that would be like making blacksmiths analogous to angels.
Imam Khattabi has mentioned this reconciliation and harmonization in (Ma‘alim as-Sunan), and Allamah Siddiq Hasan Khan has mentioned it in (ar-Rawdah an-Nadiyyah: 2/177–178). (Sahihah: 2261)
Imam al-Albani rahimahullah said: Because of this hadith, some people have fallen into confusion, and that is: apart from marriage and Eid, beating the duff is an act of disobedience and sin, and it is also impermissible to make a vow (nadhar) involving disobedience, and fulfilling such a vow is also impermissible. So why was permission granted on this occasion?
It appears to me that this woman’s vow was connected to the happiness that would be attained from the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam returning victorious from the expedition. Therefore, she was permitted to beat the duff on this occasion of joy. However, this should remain specific to the victory of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam; the existence of this concession does not mean that permission is granted to beat the duff on all occasions of happiness, because no happiness can compare to the joy of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam returning victorious. Secondly, general legal evidences indicate that the use of musical instruments and the duff, etc., is prohibited, except in those situations where permission for the duff has been granted. (Sahihah: 1609)
Imam al-Albani rahimahullah said in another place: It is well known that the duff is among those musical instruments which are prohibited in Islamic law, and the major Imams, including the four jurists, are agreed upon its prohibition. Authentic hadiths exist on this subject. However, only on the occasions of marriage and the two Eids has permission been granted to beat the duff. The question arises: why did the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam permit this woman to fulfill her vow of beating the duff, even though a vow made in disobedience to Allah is not to be fulfilled?
The answer is that this vow was connected to the happiness she would attain from the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam returning victorious and safe. Therefore, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam instructed her to beat the duff in the manner it is beaten on the occasions of marriage and Eid. And without doubt, the joy of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam returning successfully from an expedition is so great that it cannot even be compared to the happiness of marriage or Eid. Therefore, this ruling should be considered specific to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and no other case should be analogized to it, for that would be like making blacksmiths analogous to angels.
Imam Khattabi has mentioned this reconciliation and harmonization in (Ma‘alim as-Sunan), and Allamah Siddiq Hasan Khan has mentioned it in (ar-Rawdah an-Nadiyyah: 2/177–178). (Sahihah: 2261)
