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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الخلافة والإمارةThe Book of Caliphate and Leadership
الفَصْلُ الرَّابِعُ فِي مَوَافَقَانِهِ لِلْحَقِّ أَوْ كَوْنِهِ مِنَ الْمُلْهَمِينَThe Fourth Section Regarding His Agreement with the Truth or Being Among the Inspired Ones
Hadith 12209
اُردوEn
عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ قَالَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فَضَلَ النَّاسَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ بِأَرْبَعٍ بِذِكْرِ الْأَسْرَى يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِمْ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ} [الأنفال: 68] وَبِذِكْرِهِ الْحِجَابَ أَمَرَ نِسَاءَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَحْتَجِبْنَ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ زَيْنَبُ وَإِنَّكَ عَلَيْنَا يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ وَالْوَحْيُ يَنْزِلُ فِي بُيُوتِنَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَإِذَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُنَّ مَتَاعًا فَاسْأَلُوهُنَّ مِنْ وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ} [الأحزاب: 53] وَبِدَعْوَةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَهُ ”اللَّهُمَّ أَيِّدِ الْإِسْلَامَ بِعُمَرَ“ وَبِرَأْيِهِ فِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ كَانَ أَوَّلَ النَّاسِ بَايَعَهُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) surpassed people in four matters: He advised that the captives of Badr be killed, so Allah the Exalted revealed this verse: (لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِّنَ اللّٰهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِیْمَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِیْمٌ) ..... If it had not been for a decree from Allah that had already preceded, a severe punishment would have touched you for what you took (as ransom) from the captives. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said regarding the pure wives that they should observe veiling. Sayyidah Zainab (may Allah be pleased with her) said to him: O son of Khattab! You have become dominant over us, even though revelation descends in our houses. But Allah the Exalted revealed, in agreement with Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), this verse regarding veiling: (وَإِذَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُنَّ مَتَاعًا فَاسْأَلُوهُنَّ مِنْ وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ) ..... And O you who believe! When you ask them (the Mothers of the Believers) for anything, ask them from behind a curtain. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was also given superiority over others in that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) made this supplication for him: O Allah! Grant Islam dominance through Umar. Also, it was Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) who gave the opinion that Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) should be made the Caliph, and he was the first to pledge allegiance to him.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … The verse preceding this one was: {مَا کَانَ لِنَبِیٍّ اَنْ یَّکُوْنَ لَہٓ اَسْرٰی حَتّٰی یُثْخِنَ فِی الْاَرْضِ تُرِیْدُوْنَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْیَا وَاللّٰہُ یُرِیْدُ الْاٰخِرَۃَ وَاللّٰہُ عَزِیْزٌ حَکِیْمٌ۔} … It is not befitting for a prophet to have captives until he has thoroughly subdued (crushed) the enemies in the land. You desire the gains of this world, while Allah desires the Hereafter, and Allah is Mighty and Wise. (Surah al-Anfal: 67) In the Battle of Badr, seventy disbelievers were killed and seventy were taken captive. Since the Battle of Badr was the first confrontation between disbelief and Islam, what course of action should be adopted regarding the captives? The rulings concerning them were not yet fully clarified. When the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam consulted (the Companions), both options were permissible to the extent of permissibility: either the captives could be killed, or they could be released in exchange for ransom. The opinion of Umar radi Allahu anhu was that, in order to break the strength and power of disbelief, it was necessary to kill these captives, because they were the leaders of disbelief and the disbelievers. Whereas the opinion of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu was that they should be released in exchange for ransom. Further clarification is coming in the next hadith.
From the verses that were revealed after this decision, it becomes clear that the opinion of Sayyiduna Umar radi Allahu anhu was better, i.e., the captives of Badr should have been killed. See also hadith number (8612) and the hadith following it.
From the verses that were revealed after this decision, it becomes clear that the opinion of Sayyiduna Umar radi Allahu anhu was better, i.e., the captives of Badr should have been killed. See also hadith number (8612) and the hadith following it.
