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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الخلافة والإمارةThe Book of Caliphate and Leadership
فَضْلُ آخَرُ فِي عَدَدِ الْخُلَفَاءِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍAnother Virtue Regarding the Number of Caliphs from Quraysh
Hadith 12036
اُردوEn
عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ سَمُرَةَ عَنْ حَدِيثِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ”لَا يَزَالُ الدِّينُ قَائِمًا حَتَّى يَكُونَ اثْنَا عَشَرَ خَلِيفَةً مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ ثُمَّ يَخْرُجُ كَذَّابُونَ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ السَّاعَةِ ثُمَّ تَخْرُجُ عِصَابَةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَيَسْتَخْرِجُونَ كَنْزَ الْأَبْيَضِ كِسْرَى وَآلِ كِسْرَى وَإِذَا أَعْطَى اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى أَحَدَكُمْ خَيْرًا فَلْيَبْدَأْ بِنَفْسِهِ وَأَهْلِهِ وَأَنَا فَرَطُكُمْ عَلَى الْحَوْضِ“
Aamir bin Sa’d says: I asked Sayyiduna Jabir bin Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) about a hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: This religion will remain dominant until there are twelve caliphs from the Quraysh. After them, before the Hour, some liars will appear. After them, a group of Muslims will come who will bring out the white treasures of Kisra and the family of Kisra. When Allah grants any of you wealth and blessings, he should begin by spending on himself and then on his family. And I will be your predecessor at the Hawd (Pond) of Kawthar.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … In the explanation of this hadith, various types of opinions have been presented. Because for many centuries the caliphate of the Quraysh continued, and many caliphs and rulers passed. Now, who are the people meant by the twelve caliphs mentioned in this hadith? Each person, considering the texts established from the different chains of this hadith and the historical context, has presented his own viewpoint. Some details are as follows:
1. The referent of this hadith is that in different regions of the earth, these twelve caliphs will exist at one time, and practically, this happened in the fifth century Hijri. In Andalusia, there were five individuals, each of whom claimed to be caliph; over there, the caliph of Egypt, the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad, and along with them, in different regions, the caliphs of the Alawis and the Khawarij existed.
2. By this are meant the twelve caliphs from Banu Umayyah, provided that the Companions (Sahabah) are not counted among them. In this regard, the first caliph is Yazid ibn Muawiyah and the last is Marwan Hammar; these total thirteen. If Marwan ibn Hakam is not counted on the basis that there is disagreement regarding his companionship or that he seized power by force, then these total twelve. After the era of Banu Umayyah, a period of tribulations and wars began.
3. These twelve caliphs will be after Imam Mahdi, who will appear in the last era before Isa alayhis salam.
4. By this are meant those following twelve caliphs upon whom the people were united: (1) Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu (2) Sayyiduna Umar al-Faruq radi Allahu anhu (3) Sayyiduna Uthman ibn Affan radi Allahu anhu (4) Sayyiduna Ali ibn Abi Talib radi Allahu anhu (5) Sayyiduna Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu (6) Yazid ibn Muawiyah (7) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (8) Walid ibn Abd al-Malik (9) Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik (10) Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik (11) Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (12) Walid ibn Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik. Between Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik and Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik was the era of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz.
5. From Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu to Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, there were a total of fourteen caliphs. Among them, the caliphate of two was neither valid nor of long duration, and they are Muawiyah ibn Yazid and Marwan ibn Hakam. Most of these caliphs, during their caliphate, were almost organized in every respect, although matters open to criticism also came to light, but those were rare compared to the positive aspects. (Fath al-Bari: under 7222)
1. The referent of this hadith is that in different regions of the earth, these twelve caliphs will exist at one time, and practically, this happened in the fifth century Hijri. In Andalusia, there were five individuals, each of whom claimed to be caliph; over there, the caliph of Egypt, the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad, and along with them, in different regions, the caliphs of the Alawis and the Khawarij existed.
2. By this are meant the twelve caliphs from Banu Umayyah, provided that the Companions (Sahabah) are not counted among them. In this regard, the first caliph is Yazid ibn Muawiyah and the last is Marwan Hammar; these total thirteen. If Marwan ibn Hakam is not counted on the basis that there is disagreement regarding his companionship or that he seized power by force, then these total twelve. After the era of Banu Umayyah, a period of tribulations and wars began.
3. These twelve caliphs will be after Imam Mahdi, who will appear in the last era before Isa alayhis salam.
4. By this are meant those following twelve caliphs upon whom the people were united: (1) Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu (2) Sayyiduna Umar al-Faruq radi Allahu anhu (3) Sayyiduna Uthman ibn Affan radi Allahu anhu (4) Sayyiduna Ali ibn Abi Talib radi Allahu anhu (5) Sayyiduna Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu (6) Yazid ibn Muawiyah (7) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (8) Walid ibn Abd al-Malik (9) Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik (10) Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik (11) Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (12) Walid ibn Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik. Between Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik and Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik was the era of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz.
5. From Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu to Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, there were a total of fourteen caliphs. Among them, the caliphate of two was neither valid nor of long duration, and they are Muawiyah ibn Yazid and Marwan ibn Hakam. Most of these caliphs, during their caliphate, were almost organized in every respect, although matters open to criticism also came to light, but those were rare compared to the positive aspects. (Fath al-Bari: under 7222)
