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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أهم أحداث السنة الثامنة للهجرةMost Important Events of the Eighth Year of Hijrah
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي بَيْعَةِ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ رِجَالًا وَنِسَاءً وَاسْتِحَضَارِ أَوْلَادِهِمْ لِيَمْسَحَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَلَيْهِمْChapter on What Has Been Reported Regarding the Pledge of Allegiance of the People of Mecca, Men and Women, and Bringing Their Children for the Prophet ﷺ to Bless Them
Hadith 10895
اُردوEn
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ قُدَامَةَ قَالَتْ كُنْتُ أَنَا مَعَ أُمِّي رَائِطَةَ بِنْتِ سُفْيَانَ الْخُزَاعِيَّةِ وَالنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُبَايِعُ النِّسْوَةَ وَيَقُولُ {أُبَايِعُكُنَّ عَلَى أَنْ لَا تُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا تَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا تَزْنِينَ وَلَا تَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَكُنَّ وَلَا تَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ تَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيكُنَّ وَأَرْجُلِكُنَّ وَلَا تَعْصِينَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ} [الممتحنة: 12] قَالَتْ فَأَطْرَقْنَ فَقَالَ لَهُنَّ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ «قُلْنَ نَعَمْ فِيمَا اسْتَطَعْتُنَّ» فَكُنَّ يَقُلْنَ وَأَقُولُ مَعَهُنَّ وَأُمِّي تُلَقِّنُنِي قُولِي أَيْ بُنَيَّةُ فِيمَا اسْتَطَعْتُ
It is narrated from Sayyida Aisha bint Qudama (may Allah be pleased with her), she says: I was with my mother, Sayyida Ra’ita bint Sufyan Khuzaiyya (may Allah be pleased with her), when the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was taking the pledge of allegiance from women, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) was saying: I take the pledge from you that you will not associate anything with Allah, you will not steal, you will not commit adultery, you will not kill your children, you will not slander, and you will not disobey in goodness. When the women heard these things, they bowed their heads, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: Say that it is fine, your pledge is only to the extent of what you are able. So they began to say, “Yes,” and I was also saying it with them. Then my mother instructed me and said: My dear daughter! Say this as well: as much as I am able.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … Since it is forbidden to touch a non-mahram woman, therefore the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, at the time of taking the pledge (bay‘ah) from women, would not place his hand upon their hands, but would take the pledge verbally.
When the female Companions (sahabiyyat) would claim absolute adherence to the matters mentioned in the verse, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would prompt them that one should pledge according to one’s ability and capacity, so that if, due to some necessity or valid Shar‘i excuse, any clause has to be broken, the agreement of the pledge remains intact.
When the female Companions (sahabiyyat) would claim absolute adherence to the matters mentioned in the verse, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would prompt them that one should pledge according to one’s ability and capacity, so that if, due to some necessity or valid Shar‘i excuse, any clause has to be broken, the agreement of the pledge remains intact.
