الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أهم أحداث السنة السادسة للهجرةMost Important Events of the Sixth Year of Hijrah
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي عُمْرَةِ الْحُدَيبِيةِ وَصَدُ قُرَيْشِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَأَصْحَابَهُ عَنْ دُخُولِ مَكَّةَ وَاجْرَاءِ الصُّلْحِChapter: What has been reported regarding the Umrah of Hudaybiyyah, Quraysh's prevention of the Prophet ﷺ and his companions from entering Mecca, and the conclusion of the treaty
Hadith 10790
اُردوEn
(مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ وَمَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ يُرِيدُ زِيَارَةَ الْبَيْتِ لَا يُرِيدُ قِتَالًا وَسَاقَ مَعَهُ الْهَدْيَ سَبْعِينَ بَدَنَةً وَكَانَ النَّاسُ سَبْعَ مِائَةِ رَجُلٍ فَكَانَتْ كُلُّ بَدَنَةٍ عَنْ عَشَرَةٍ قَالَ وَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِعُسْفَانَ لَقِيَهُ بِشْرُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ الْكَعْبِيُّ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَذِهِ قُرَيْشٌ قَدْ سَمِعَتْ بِمَسِيرِكَ فَخَرَجَتْ مَعَهَا الْعُوذُ الْمَطَافِيلُ قَدْ لَبِسُوا جُلُودَ النُّمُورِ يُعَاهِدُونَ اللَّهَ أَنْ لَا تَدْخُلَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ عَنْوَةً أَبَدًا وَهَذَا خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ فِي خَيْلِهِمْ قَدِمُوا إِلَى كُرَاعِ الْغَمِيمِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَا وَيْحَ قُرَيْشٍ لَقَدْ أَكَلَتْهُمُ الْحَرْبُ مَاذَا عَلَيْهِمْ لَوْ خَلَّوْا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ سَائِرِ النَّاسِ فَإِنْ أَصَابُونِي كَانَ الَّذِي أَرَادُوا وَإِنْ أَظْهَرَنِي اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ دَخَلُوا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَهُمْ وَافِرُونَ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا قَاتَلُوا وَبِهِمْ قُوَّةٌ فَمَاذَا تَظُنُّ قُرَيْشٌ وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَا أَزَالُ أُجَاهِدُهُمْ عَلَى الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي اللَّهُ لَهُ حَتَّى يُظْهِرَهُ اللَّهُ لَهُ أَوْ تَنْفَرِدَ هَذِهِ السَّالِفَةُ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ النَّاسَ فَسَلَكُوا ذَاتَ الْيَمِينِ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيِ الْحَمْضِ عَلَى طَرِيقٍ تُخْرِجُهُ عَلَى ثَنِيَّةِ الْمِرَارِ وَالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ مِنْ أَسْفَلِ مَكَّةَ قَالَ فَسَلَكَ بِالْجَيْشِ تِلْكَ الطَّرِيقَ فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ خَيْلُ قُرَيْشٍ قَتَرَةَ الْجَيْشِ قَدْ خَالَفُوا عَنْ طَرِيقِهِمْ نَكَصُوا رَاجِعِينَ إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى إِذَا سَلَكَ ثَنِيَّةَ الْمُرَارِ بَرَكَتْ نَاقَتُهُ فَقَالَ النَّاسُ خَلَأَتْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا خَلَأَتْ وَمَا هُوَ لَهَا بِخُلُقٍ وَلَكِنْ حَبَسَهَا حَابِسُ الْفِيلِ عَنْ مَكَّةَ وَاللَّهِ لَا تَدْعُونِي قُرَيْشٌ الْيَوْمَ إِلَى خُطَّةٍ يَسْأَلُونِي فِيهَا صِلَةَ الرَّحِمِ إِلَّا أَعْطَيْتُهُمْ إِيَّاهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلنَّاسِ انْزِلُوا فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا بِالْوَادِي مِنْ مَاءٍ يَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ فَأَخْرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِهِ فَأَعْطَاهُ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَنَزَلَ فِي قَلِيبٍ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْقُلُبِ فَغَرَزَهُ فِيهِ فَجَاشَ الْمَاءُ بِالرَّوَاءِ حَتَّى ضَرَبَ النَّاسُ عَنْهُ بِعَطَنٍ فَلَمَّا اطْمَأَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا بُدَيْلُ بْنُ وَرْقَاءَ فِي رِجَالٍ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ كَقَوْلِهِ لِبُشَيْرِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ فَرَجَعُوا إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ فَقَالُوا يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ إِنَّكُمْ تَعْجَلُونَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا لَمْ يَأْتِ لِقِتَالٍ إِنَّمَا جَاءَ زَائِرًا لِهَذَا الْبَيْتِ مُعَظِّمًا لِحَقِّهِ فَاتَّهَمُوهُمْ قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ وَكَانَتْ خُزَاعَةُ فِي عَيْبَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُسْلِمُهَا وَمُشْرِكُهَا لَا يُخْفُونَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَيْئًا كَانَ بِمَكَّةَ قَالُوا وَإِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا جَاءَ لِذَلِكَ فَلَا وَاللَّهِ لَا يَدْخُلُهَا أَبَدًا عَلَيْنَا عَنْوَةً وَلَا تَتَحَدَّثُ بِذَلِكَ الْعَرَبُ ثُمَّ بَعَثُوا إِلَيْهِ مِكْرَزَ بْنَ حَفْصِ بْنِ الْأَخْيَفِ أَحَدَ بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ هَذَا رَجُلٌ غَادِرٌ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَلَّمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِنَحْوٍ مِمَّا كَلَّمَ بِهِ أَصْحَابَهُ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ بِمَا قَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ فَبَعَثُوا إِلَيْهِ الْحُلَيْسَ بْنَ عَلْقَمَةَ الْكِنَانِيَّ وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ سَيِّدُ الْأَحَابِيشِ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ هَذَا مِنْ قَوْمٍ يَتَأَلَّهُونَ فَابْعَثُوا الْهَدْيَ فِي وَجْهِهِ فَبَعَثُوا الْهَدْيَ فَلَمَّا رَأَى الْهَدْيَ يَسِيلُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ عَرْضِ الْوَادِي فِي قَلَائِدِهِ قَدْ أَكَلَ أَوْتَارَهُ مِنْ طُولِ الْحَبْسِ عَنْ مَحِلِّهِ رَجَعَ وَلَمْ يَصِلْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِعْظَامًا لِمَا رَأَى فَقَالَ يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ قَدْ رَأَيْتُ مَا لَا يَحِلُّ صَدُّهُ الْهَدْيَ فِي قَلَائِدِهِ قَدْ أَكَلَ أَوْتَارَهُ مِنْ طُولِ الْحَبْسِ عَنْ مَحِلِّهِ فَقَالُوا اجْلِسْ إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ لَا عِلْمَ لَكَ فَبَعَثُوا إِلَيْهِ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ الثَّقَفِيَّ فَقَالَ يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ إِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ مَا يَلْقَى مِنْكُمْ مَنْ تَبْعَثُونَ إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ إِذَا جَاءَ كُمْ مِنَ التَّعْنِيفِ وَسُوءِ اللَّفْظِ وَقَدْ عَرَفْتُمْ أَنَّكُمْ وَالِدٌ وَأَنِّي وَلَدٌ وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ بِالَّذِي نَابَكُمْ فَجَمَعْتُ مَنْ أَطَاعَنِي مِنْ قَوْمِي ثُمَّ جِئْتُ حَتَّى آسَيْتُكُمْ بِنَفْسِي قَالُوا صَدَقْتَ مَا أَنْتَ عِنْدَنَا بِمُتَّهَمٍ فَخَرَجَ حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَجَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ جَمَعْتَ أَوْبَاشَ النَّاسِ ثُمَّ جِئْتَ بِهِمْ لِبَيْضَتِكَ لِتَفُضَّهَا إِنَّهَا قُرَيْشٌ قَدْ خَرَجَتْ مَعَهَا الْعُوذُ الْمَطَافِيلُ قَدْ لَبِسُوا جُلُودَ النُّمُورِ يُعَاهِدُونَ اللَّهَ أَنْ لَا تَدْخُلَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ عَنْوَةً أَبَدًا وَأَيْمُ اللَّهِ لَكَأَنِّي بِهَؤُلَاءِ قَدِ انْكَشَفُوا عَنْكَ غَدًا قَالَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَاعِدٌ فَقَالَ امْصُصْ بَظْرَ اللَّاتِ أَنَحْنُ نَنْكَشِفُ عَنْهُ قَالَ مَنْ هَذَا يَا مُحَمَّدُ قَالَ هَذَا ابْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ قَالَ وَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا يَدٌ كَانَتْ لَكَ عِنْدِي لَكَافَأْتُكَ بِهَا وَلَكِنَّ هَذِهِ بِهَا ثُمَّ تَنَاوَلَ لِحْيَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ وَاقِفٌ عَلَى رَأْسِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْحَدِيدِ قَالَ يَقْرَعُ يَدَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَمْسِكْ يَدَكَ عَنْ لِحْيَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلُ وَاللَّهِ لَا تَصِلُ إِلَيْكَ قَالَ وَيْحَكَ مَا أَفَظَّكَ وَأَغْلَظَكَ قَالَ فَتَبَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ مَنْ هَذَا يَا مُحَمَّدُ قَالَ هَذَا ابْنُ أَخِيكَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ أَغُدَرُ هَلْ غَسَلْتَ سَوْأَتَكَ إِلَّا بِالْأَمْسِ قَالَ فَكَلَّمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمِثْلِ مَا كَلَّمَ بِهِ أَصْحَابَهُ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْتِ يُرِيدُ حَرْبًا قَالَ فَقَامَ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَدْ رَأَى مَا يَصْنَعُ بِهِ أَصْحَابُهُ لَا يَتَوَضَّأُ وُضُوءًا إِلَّا ابْتَدَرُوهُ وَلَا يَبْسُقُ بُسَاقًا إِلَّا ابْتَدَرُوهُ وَلَا يَسْقُطُ مِنْ شَعْرِهِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَخَذُوهُ فَرَجَعَ إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ فَقَالَ يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ إِنِّي جِئْتُ كِسْرَى فِي مُلْكِهِ وَجِئْتُ قَيْصَرَ وَالنَّجَاشِيَّ فِي مُلْكِهِمَا وَاللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ مَلِكًا قَطُّ مِثْلَ مُحَمَّدٍ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ قَوْمًا لَا يُسْلِمُونَهُ لِشَيْءٍ أَبَدًا فَرَوْا رَأْيَكُمْ قَالَ وَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ بَعَثَ خِرَاشَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ الْخُزَاعِيَّ إِلَى مَكَّةَ وَحَمَلَهُ عَلَى جَمَلٍ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهُ الثَّعْلَبُ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ عَقَرَتْ بِهِ قُرَيْشٌ وَأَرَادُوا قَتْلَ خِرَاشٍ فَمَنَعَهُمُ الْأَحَابِيشُ حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَدَعَا عُمَرَ لِيَبْعَثَهُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَخَافُ قُرَيْشًا عَلَى نَفْسِي وَلَيْسَ بِهَا مِنْ بَنِي عَدِيٍّ أَحَدٌ يَمْنَعُنِي وَقَدْ عَرَفَتْ قُرَيْشٌ عَدَاوَتِي إِيَّاهَا وَغِلْظَتِي عَلَيْهَا وَلَكِنْ أَدُلُّكَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ هُوَ أَعَزُّ مِنِّي عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ قَالَ فَدَعَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَبَعَثَهُ إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ يُخْبِرُهُمْ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْتِ لِحَرْبٍ وَأَنَّهُ جَاءَ زَائِرًا لِهَذَا الْبَيْتِ مُعَظِّمًا لِحُرْمَتِهِ فَخَرَجَ عُثْمَانُ حَتَّى أَتَى مَكَّةَ وَلَقِيَهُ أَبَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ فَنَزَلَ عَنْ دَابَّتِهِ وَحَمَلَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَرَدِفَ خَلْفَهُ وَأَجَارَهُ حَتَّى بَلَّغَ رِسَالَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَانْطَلَقَ عُثْمَانُ حَتَّى أَتَى أَبَا سُفْيَانَ وَعُظَمَاءَ قُرَيْشٍ فَبَلَّغَهُمْ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا أَرْسَلَهُ بِهِ فَقَالُوا لِعُثْمَانَ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ فَطُفْ بِهِ فَقَالَ مَا كُنْتُ لِأَفْعَلَ حَتَّى يَطُوفَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ فَاحْتَبَسَتْهُ قُرَيْشٌ عِنْدَهَا فَبَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ قَدْ قُتِلَ قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ فَحَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا بَعَثُوا سُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو أَحَدَ بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ فَقَالُوا ائْتِ مُحَمَّدًا فَصَالِحْهُ وَلَا يَكُونُ فِي صُلْحِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَرْجِعَ عَنَّا عَامَهُ هَذَا فَوَاللَّهِ لَا تَتَحَدَّثُ الْعَرَبُ أَنَّهُ دَخَلَهَا عَلَيْنَا عَنْوَةً أَبَدًا فَأَتَاهُ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو فَلَمَّا رَآهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ قَدْ أَرَادَ الْقَوْمُ الصُّلْحَ حِينَ بَعَثُوا هَذَا الرَّجُلَ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَكَلَّمَا وَأَطَالَا الْكَلَامَ وَتَرَاجَعَا حَتَّى جَرَى بَيْنَهُمَا الصُّلْحُ فَلَمَّا الْتَأَمَ الْأَمْرُ وَلَمْ يَبْقَ إِلَّا الْكِتَابُ وَثَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَأَتَى أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَوَلَيْسَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَوَلَسْنَا بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ أَوَلَيْسُوا بِالْمُشْرِكِينَ قَالَ بَلَى قَالَ فَعَلَامَ نُعْطِي الذِّلَّةَ فِي دِينِنَا فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَا عُمَرُ الْزَمْ غَرْزَهُ حَيْثُ كَانَ فَإِنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ قَالَ عُمَرُ وَأَنَا أَشْهَدُ ثُمَّ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَوَلَسْنَا بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ أَوَلَيْسُوا بِالْمُشْرِكِينَ قَالَ بَلَى قَالَ فَعَلَامَ نُعْطِي الذِّلَّةَ فِي دِينِنَا فَقَالَ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ لَنْ أُخَالِفَ أَمْرَهُ وَلَنْ يُضَيِّعَنِي ثُمَّ قَالَ عُمَرُ مَا زِلْتُ أَصُومُ وَأَتَصَدَّقُ وَأُصَلِّي وَأَعْتِقُ مِنَ الَّذِي صَنَعْتُ مَخَافَةَ كَلَامِي الَّذِي تَكَلَّمْتُ بِهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ حَتَّى رَجَوْتُ أَنْ يَكُونَ خَيْرًا قَالَ وَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ اكْتُبْ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ فَقَالَ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو لَا أَعْرِفُ هَذَا وَلَكِنْ اكْتُبْ بِاسْمِكَ اللَّهُمَّ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ اكْتُبْ بِاسْمِكَ اللَّهُمَّ هَذَا مَا صَالَحَ عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ سُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو فَقَالَ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو لَوْ شَهِدْتُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ لَمْ أُقَاتِلْكَ وَلَكِنْ اكْتُبْ هَذَا مَا اصْطَلَحَ عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَسُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو عَلَى وَضْعِ الْحَرْبِ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ يَأْمَنُ فِيهَا النَّاسُ وَيَكُفُّ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ بَعْضٍ عَلَى أَنَّهُ مَنْ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهِ رَدَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَنْ أَتَى قُرَيْشًا مِمَّنْ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يَرُدُّوهُ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنَّ بَيْنَنَا عَيْبَةً مَكْفُوفَةً وَإِنَّهُ لَا إِسْلَالَ وَلَا إِغْلَالَ وَكَانَ فِي شَرْطِهِمْ حِينَ كَتَبُوا الْكِتَابَ أَنَّهُ مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي عَقْدِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَهْدِهِ دَخَلَ فِيهِ وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ دَخَلَ فِيهِ فَتَوَاثَبَتْ خُزَاعَةُ فَقَالُوا نَحْنُ مَعَ عَقْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَهْدِهِ وَتَوَاثَبَتْ بَنُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالُوا نَحْنُ فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ وَأَنَّكَ تَرْجِعُ عَنَّا عَامَنَا هَذَا فَلَا تَدْخُلْ عَلَيْنَا مَكَّةَ وَأَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ عَامُ قَابِلٍ خَرَجْنَا عَنْكَ فَتَدْخُلُهَا بِأَصْحَابِكَ وَأَقَمْتَ فِيهِمْ ثَلَاثًا مَعَكَ سِلَاحُ الرَّاكِبِ لَا تَدْخُلْهَا بِغَيْرِ السُّيُوفِ فِي الْقُرُبِ فَبَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَكْتُبُ الْكِتَابَ إِذْ جَاءَهُ أَبُو جَنْدَلِ بْنُ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو فِي الْحَدِيدِ قَدْ انْفَلَتَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ وَقَدْ كَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَرَجُوا وَهُمْ لَا يَشُكُّونَ فِي الْفَتْحِ لِرُؤْيَا رَآهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا مَا رَأَوْا مِنَ الصُّلْحِ وَالرُّجُوعِ وَمَا تَحَمَّلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ دَخَلَ النَّاسَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَمْرٌ عَظِيمٌ حَتَّى كَادُوا أَنْ يَهْلَكُوا فَلَمَّا رَأَى سُهَيْلٌ أَبَا جَنْدَلٍ قَامَ إِلَيْهِ فَضَرَبَ وَجْهَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ قَدْ لُجَّتِ الْقَضِيَّةُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَكَ هَذَا قَالَ صَدَقْتَ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ فَأَخَذَ بِتَلْبِيبِهِ قَالَ وَصَرَخَ أَبُو جَنْدَلٍ بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهِ يَا مَعَاشِرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَتَرُدُّونَنِي إِلَى أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ فَيَفْتِنُونِي فِي دِينِي قَالَ فَزَادَ النَّاسَ شَرًّا إِلَى مَا بِهِمْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَا أَبَا جَنْدَلٍ اصْبِرْ وَاحْتَسِبْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ جَاعِلٌ لَكَ وَلِمَنْ مَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فَرَجًا وَمَخْرَجًا إِنَّا قَدْ عَقَدْنَا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْقَوْمِ صُلْحًا فَأَعْطَيْنَاهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَأَعْطَوْنَا عَلَيْهِ عَهْدًا وَإِنَّا لَنْ نَغْدِرَ بِهِمْ قَالَ فَوَثَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ مَعَ أَبِي جَنْدَلٍ فَجَعَلَ يَمْشِي إِلَى جَنْبِهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ اصْبِرْ أَبَا جَنْدَلٍ فَإِنَّمَا هُمُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ وَإِنَّمَا دَمُ أَحَدِهِمْ دَمُ كَلْبٍ قَالَ وَيُدْنِي قَائِمَ السَّيْفِ مِنْهُ قَالَ يَقُولُ رَجَوْتُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ السَّيْفَ فَيَضْرِبَ بِهِ أَبَاهُ قَالَ فَضَنَّ الرَّجُلُ بِأَبِيهِ وَنَفَذَتِ الْقَضِيَّةُ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُصَلِّي فِي الْحَرَمِ وَهُوَ مُضْطَرِبٌ فِي الْحِلِّ قَالَ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ انْحَرُوا وَاحْلِقُوا قَالَ فَمَا قَامَ أَحَدٌ قَالَ ثُمَّ عَادَ بِمِثْلِهَا فَمَا قَامَ رَجُلٌ حَتَّى عَادَ بِمِثْلِهَا فَمَا قَامَ رَجُلٌ فَرَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَدَخَلَ عَلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فَقَالَ يَا أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ مَا شَأْنُ النَّاسِ قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ دَخَلَهُمْ مَا قَدْ رَأَيْتَ فَلَا تُكَلِّمَنَّ مِنْهُمْ إِنْسَانًا وَاعْمِدْ إِلَى هَدْيِكَ حَيْثُ كَانَ فَانْحَرْهُ وَاحْلِقْ فَلَوْ قَدْ فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَ النَّاسُ ذَلِكَ فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا يُكَلِّمُ أَحَدًا حَتَّى أَتَى هَدْيَهُ فَنَحَرَهُ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ فَحَلَقَ فَقَامَ النَّاسُ يَنْحَرُونَ وَيَحْلِقُونَ قَالَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ فِي وَسَطِ الطَّرِيقِ فَنَزَلَتْ سُورَةُ الْفَتْحِ (مسند أحمد: 19117)
(Second Chain) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Miswar bin Makhramah (may Allah be pleased with him) and Marwan bin Hakam that in the year of Hudaybiyyah, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set out with the intention of visiting the House of Allah. He had no intention of fighting. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took seventy camels with him for sacrifice, and the number of his companions was seven hundred. There was one camel for every ten people. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set out, and when he reached the place of Usfan, Bishr bin Sufyan Ka‘bi met him. He informed him, “O Messenger of Allah! The Quraysh have been informed of your departure. They have come out to confront you and block your way, bringing with them she-camels with newborn calves and wearing leopard skins. They have sworn by Allah that they will not allow you to enter Makkah by force. Khalid bin Walid is advancing with his cavalry towards Kura‘ al-Ghamim.” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Woe to Quraysh! Wars have ruined them. What harm would it have been to them if they had let me and my companions pass and enter the Sacred Sanctuary? If they inflict harm on me as they intend, so be it. But if Allah grants me victory over them and they enter Islam, while they are many in number, so be it. Otherwise, if they do not do so, they will fight, even though they have strength. But what do the Quraysh think? By Allah! I will continue to fight them on this principle until Allah makes this religion prevail, or this side of my neck is severed (i.e., until I die).” Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the people, so they passed through the Hamd herb, moving to the right on a path that led to the pass of Marrar and Hudaybiyyah. This was a low-lying area from Makkah. The army took this route. When the cavalry of the Quraysh saw the dust of this army and that they had changed their route, they returned to the Quraysh. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also proceeded, and when he entered the pass of Marrar, his she-camel sat down. The people said, “The camel has become stubborn, it is refusing to move.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “It has not become stubborn, nor is that its habit. Rather, it is Allah who has stopped it from going forward, just as He stopped the elephants. By Allah! If these disbelievers ask me for anything by which they seek to maintain ties of kinship, I will grant it to them.” Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to the people, “Dismount.” The people said, “O Messenger of Allah! There is no water in this area for the army to camp.” So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took an arrow from his quiver and gave it to one of his companions, who planted it in the well, and water gushed forth abundantly. (The people drank) until they had watered their camels as well.
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had just become content when Budayl bin Warqa arrived with some men from Banu Khuza‘ah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) told them the same thing he had told Bishr bin Sufyan, so they returned to the Quraysh and said, “O assembly of Quraysh! You are rushing against Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), while he has not come to fight. He has only come to visit this House and to honor its sanctity.” But the Quraysh did not believe them. In fact, the Muslims and polytheists of Banu Khuza‘ah were confidants of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); whatever happened in Makkah, they would not hide anything from him. The Quraysh said, “Even if Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) has come for this purpose, no, by Allah! He will not enter by force, and the Arabs will not say different things about us.” Then they sent Makraz bin Hafs bin Akhif, a man from Banu Amir bin Lu’ayy, to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw him, he said (warning his companions), “This is a deceitful man.” When he reached the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), the Prophet spoke to him as he had spoken to his companions before. He too returned to the Quraysh and informed them of the statements of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). This time, the Quraysh sent Hulays bin Alqamah al-Kinani, who was the chief of various tribal groups. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw him, he said, “This man is among those who respect the rights and sanctity of Allah. Bring the sacrificial animals before him.” The companions did so and brought the sacrificial animals before him. When this man saw the sacrificial animals in the valley, with collars around their necks, and saw that their ropes had been worn out due to being kept for a long time, he was so moved by the sight that he returned out of respect for these things and did not even reach the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He returned and said, “O assembly of Quraysh! I have seen things that it is not lawful to prevent. These are sacrificial animals, with collars around their necks, and their ropes have been worn out due to being kept for a long time.” The Quraysh replied, “Sit down, you are a Bedouin and you have no knowledge.” This time, they sent ‘Urwah bin Mas‘ud al-Thaqafi. He said, “O assembly of Quraysh! I see what you are suffering from the comments of those you send to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), and the rebuke and harsh words you hear because of their comments. You know that I am like a father to you and you are like my children (so I will look after your interests). I have heard what you have had to face. Then I gathered those among my people who obeyed me, and I have come and supported you with my life.” The Quraysh said, “You are right, and you are a trustworthy man to us.” So this man set out until he reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and sat before him and said, “O Muhammad! You have gathered various people who are not steadfast in battle and brought them here to destroy their roots. The Quraysh have come out, and with them are pregnant and milking she-camels (meaning this is their food and drink). They are wearing leopard skins and have made a covenant with Allah that you will never enter by force. By Allah, I think that tomorrow (when the battle is set) they will flee and leave you.” Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) was sitting behind the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When he heard this, he said, “Suck the clitoris of Lat! Would we ever leave the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)?” He (‘Urwah) said, “O Muhammad! Who is this man?” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “This is the son of Abu Quhafah.” ‘Urwah bin Mas‘ud said, “By Allah! If I did not owe you a favor, I would have repaid you for this. Let this be in return for that favor.” Then ‘Urwah grabbed the blessed beard of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), while Sayyiduna Mughirah bin Shu‘bah (may Allah be pleased with him), armed, was standing by the head of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He struck ‘Urwah’s hand and said, “Keep your hand away from the blessed beard of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). By Allah! Otherwise, your hand will not reach you (i.e., I will cut it off).” ‘Urwah replied, “May you perish! How harsh you are!” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) smiled. He (‘Urwah) said, “O Muhammad! Who is this?” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “This is your nephew, Mughirah bin Shu‘bah.” ‘Urwah said, “O deceiver! You have just recently washed your private parts (i.e., you have just recently spent money to remove the harm of your treachery).” In any case, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) spoke to this man as he had spoken to his companions before, that he had not come with the intention of fighting. So this man left the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and saw how his companions treated him. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution, they rushed to catch the water that fell from his blessed limbs. When he spat, they rushed to catch his saliva, and whenever a hair fell from him, they would pick it up. ‘Urwah returned to the Quraysh and said, “O assembly of Quraysh! I have visited the courts of Chosroes in his kingdom, Caesar, and the Negus in their kingdoms. By Allah! I have never seen any king respected as much as Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is respected by his companions. I have seen that they will never hand him over to any unpleasant situation. Now you should think carefully.”
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had previously sent Khirash bin Umayyah al-Khuza‘i to Makkah. He had him ride a camel named Tha‘lab. When he reached Makkah, the Quraysh hamstrung his camel and wanted to kill him, but some people prevented them from killing him. He returned to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called for ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) to send him as an envoy to Makkah, but he said, “O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I fear for my life from the Quraysh, and there is no one from Banu ‘Adi in Makkah who can protect me. The Quraysh know well how much enmity I have towards them. However, I will tell you of a man who is more honored and respected among the people of Makkah than I am, and that is Sayyiduna ‘Uthman bin ‘Affan (may Allah be pleased with him).” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called him and sent him as his envoy to the Quraysh to inform them that we have not come to fight, but only to honor the sanctity of the House of Allah and to perform visitation and circumambulation. Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) set out and reached Makkah. He met Aban bin Sa‘id bin al-‘As, who dismounted and seated him in front of himself and sat behind him, granting him protection so that he could deliver the message of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) went to Abu Sufyan and other leaders of the Quraysh and delivered the message that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had sent. They said to Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), “If you wish to perform tawaf of the House, you may do so.” He replied, “I cannot do so until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performs tawaf.” The Quraysh detained him. News reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Muslims that ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) had been killed.
The Quraysh sent Suhayl bin ‘Amr, who was from Banu Amir bin Lu’ayy, and said, “Go and negotiate peace with Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him).” It was stipulated that he should return this year without performing ‘Umrah, so that the Arabs would never say that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) entered by force. Then Suhayl came, and from here the narration is the same as previously mentioned in the first chain, until the treaty was concluded.
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called Sayyiduna ‘Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) and said, “Write: In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.” Suhayl bin ‘Amr said, “I do not recognize this phrase. Instead, write: ‘In Your name, O Allah.’” So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Sayyiduna ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), “Write: ‘In Your name, O Allah.’” This is the treaty that Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), makes with Suhayl bin ‘Amr. Suhayl bin ‘Amr then said, “If I testified that you are the Messenger of Allah, I would never have fought you. Write instead: This is the treaty under which Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah and Suhayl bin ‘Amr agree that there will be no fighting between them for ten years. During this period, people will live in peace and security and will refrain from attacking each other. Also, if any Muslim from (Makkah) comes to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) without the permission of his guardian, he will return him to the people of Makkah, and if any of the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) comes to the Quraysh, they will not return him. During this time, our hearts will be free from malice towards each other, there will be no secret thefts, nor will there be any hatred in the hearts. The treaty also stipulated that any tribe that wished to become an ally of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) could do so, and likewise, any tribe that wished to become an ally of the Quraysh could do so. The tribe of Khuza‘ah quickly said, “We enter into the alliance and covenant of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him),” and the tribe of Banu Bakr said, “We enter into the alliance and covenant of the Quraysh.” Also, you will return this year without performing ‘Umrah and will not enter Makkah. Next year, we will not prevent you. You may enter Makkah with your companions and stay for three days. You will have only such weapons as a traveler carries, and your swords will remain sheathed.”
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was still dictating this document when Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him), the son of Suhayl bin ‘Amr, managed to escape in chains and reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had set out from Madinah, they were certain of victory based on the Prophet’s dream. But when they saw this situation—that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was making peace with the disbelievers and was ready to return without performing ‘Umrah, and had apparently accepted conditions against himself—the companions were deeply shaken, and it was almost as if some of them would perish from grief. Suhayl saw Abu Jandal and got up, slapped him on the face, and said, “O Muhammad! The peace treaty between you and me was concluded before he came.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Yes, that is correct.” So he got up, grabbed Abu Jandal’s clothes, and shook him violently. Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him) cried out loudly, “O Muslims! Will you return me to the polytheists so that they may torture me further for the sake of religion?” The companions’ hearts, already troubled, became even more disturbed at this sight. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him), “Be patient and hope for reward from Allah. Allah will soon provide a way out for you and for all the weak ones with you. We have made a peace treaty with these people, and we have given them our word, and they have given us theirs. We will never break our promise.” Sayyiduna ‘Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) rushed to Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him) and walked alongside him, saying, “Abu Jandal! Be patient. These people are polytheists; their blood is like that of dogs.” At the same time, Sayyiduna ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) brought the hilt of his sword close to Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him). I thought he would strike Abu Jandal’s father with the sword, but he saved his father, and the matter was settled.
After this, the narrator mentioned in detail that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the companions to sacrifice their camels and shave their heads. They hesitated to comply until the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) himself sacrificed his camel and shaved his head, as has been detailed in the first chain. After that, the people got up and began to sacrifice their camels and shave their heads. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was still on the way between Makkah and Madinah, Surah al-Fath was revealed.
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had just become content when Budayl bin Warqa arrived with some men from Banu Khuza‘ah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) told them the same thing he had told Bishr bin Sufyan, so they returned to the Quraysh and said, “O assembly of Quraysh! You are rushing against Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), while he has not come to fight. He has only come to visit this House and to honor its sanctity.” But the Quraysh did not believe them. In fact, the Muslims and polytheists of Banu Khuza‘ah were confidants of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); whatever happened in Makkah, they would not hide anything from him. The Quraysh said, “Even if Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) has come for this purpose, no, by Allah! He will not enter by force, and the Arabs will not say different things about us.” Then they sent Makraz bin Hafs bin Akhif, a man from Banu Amir bin Lu’ayy, to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw him, he said (warning his companions), “This is a deceitful man.” When he reached the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), the Prophet spoke to him as he had spoken to his companions before. He too returned to the Quraysh and informed them of the statements of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). This time, the Quraysh sent Hulays bin Alqamah al-Kinani, who was the chief of various tribal groups. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw him, he said, “This man is among those who respect the rights and sanctity of Allah. Bring the sacrificial animals before him.” The companions did so and brought the sacrificial animals before him. When this man saw the sacrificial animals in the valley, with collars around their necks, and saw that their ropes had been worn out due to being kept for a long time, he was so moved by the sight that he returned out of respect for these things and did not even reach the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He returned and said, “O assembly of Quraysh! I have seen things that it is not lawful to prevent. These are sacrificial animals, with collars around their necks, and their ropes have been worn out due to being kept for a long time.” The Quraysh replied, “Sit down, you are a Bedouin and you have no knowledge.” This time, they sent ‘Urwah bin Mas‘ud al-Thaqafi. He said, “O assembly of Quraysh! I see what you are suffering from the comments of those you send to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), and the rebuke and harsh words you hear because of their comments. You know that I am like a father to you and you are like my children (so I will look after your interests). I have heard what you have had to face. Then I gathered those among my people who obeyed me, and I have come and supported you with my life.” The Quraysh said, “You are right, and you are a trustworthy man to us.” So this man set out until he reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and sat before him and said, “O Muhammad! You have gathered various people who are not steadfast in battle and brought them here to destroy their roots. The Quraysh have come out, and with them are pregnant and milking she-camels (meaning this is their food and drink). They are wearing leopard skins and have made a covenant with Allah that you will never enter by force. By Allah, I think that tomorrow (when the battle is set) they will flee and leave you.” Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) was sitting behind the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When he heard this, he said, “Suck the clitoris of Lat! Would we ever leave the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)?” He (‘Urwah) said, “O Muhammad! Who is this man?” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “This is the son of Abu Quhafah.” ‘Urwah bin Mas‘ud said, “By Allah! If I did not owe you a favor, I would have repaid you for this. Let this be in return for that favor.” Then ‘Urwah grabbed the blessed beard of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), while Sayyiduna Mughirah bin Shu‘bah (may Allah be pleased with him), armed, was standing by the head of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He struck ‘Urwah’s hand and said, “Keep your hand away from the blessed beard of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). By Allah! Otherwise, your hand will not reach you (i.e., I will cut it off).” ‘Urwah replied, “May you perish! How harsh you are!” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) smiled. He (‘Urwah) said, “O Muhammad! Who is this?” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “This is your nephew, Mughirah bin Shu‘bah.” ‘Urwah said, “O deceiver! You have just recently washed your private parts (i.e., you have just recently spent money to remove the harm of your treachery).” In any case, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) spoke to this man as he had spoken to his companions before, that he had not come with the intention of fighting. So this man left the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and saw how his companions treated him. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution, they rushed to catch the water that fell from his blessed limbs. When he spat, they rushed to catch his saliva, and whenever a hair fell from him, they would pick it up. ‘Urwah returned to the Quraysh and said, “O assembly of Quraysh! I have visited the courts of Chosroes in his kingdom, Caesar, and the Negus in their kingdoms. By Allah! I have never seen any king respected as much as Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is respected by his companions. I have seen that they will never hand him over to any unpleasant situation. Now you should think carefully.”
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had previously sent Khirash bin Umayyah al-Khuza‘i to Makkah. He had him ride a camel named Tha‘lab. When he reached Makkah, the Quraysh hamstrung his camel and wanted to kill him, but some people prevented them from killing him. He returned to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called for ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) to send him as an envoy to Makkah, but he said, “O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I fear for my life from the Quraysh, and there is no one from Banu ‘Adi in Makkah who can protect me. The Quraysh know well how much enmity I have towards them. However, I will tell you of a man who is more honored and respected among the people of Makkah than I am, and that is Sayyiduna ‘Uthman bin ‘Affan (may Allah be pleased with him).” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called him and sent him as his envoy to the Quraysh to inform them that we have not come to fight, but only to honor the sanctity of the House of Allah and to perform visitation and circumambulation. Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) set out and reached Makkah. He met Aban bin Sa‘id bin al-‘As, who dismounted and seated him in front of himself and sat behind him, granting him protection so that he could deliver the message of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) went to Abu Sufyan and other leaders of the Quraysh and delivered the message that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had sent. They said to Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), “If you wish to perform tawaf of the House, you may do so.” He replied, “I cannot do so until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performs tawaf.” The Quraysh detained him. News reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Muslims that ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) had been killed.
The Quraysh sent Suhayl bin ‘Amr, who was from Banu Amir bin Lu’ayy, and said, “Go and negotiate peace with Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him).” It was stipulated that he should return this year without performing ‘Umrah, so that the Arabs would never say that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) entered by force. Then Suhayl came, and from here the narration is the same as previously mentioned in the first chain, until the treaty was concluded.
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called Sayyiduna ‘Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) and said, “Write: In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.” Suhayl bin ‘Amr said, “I do not recognize this phrase. Instead, write: ‘In Your name, O Allah.’” So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Sayyiduna ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), “Write: ‘In Your name, O Allah.’” This is the treaty that Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), makes with Suhayl bin ‘Amr. Suhayl bin ‘Amr then said, “If I testified that you are the Messenger of Allah, I would never have fought you. Write instead: This is the treaty under which Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah and Suhayl bin ‘Amr agree that there will be no fighting between them for ten years. During this period, people will live in peace and security and will refrain from attacking each other. Also, if any Muslim from (Makkah) comes to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) without the permission of his guardian, he will return him to the people of Makkah, and if any of the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) comes to the Quraysh, they will not return him. During this time, our hearts will be free from malice towards each other, there will be no secret thefts, nor will there be any hatred in the hearts. The treaty also stipulated that any tribe that wished to become an ally of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) could do so, and likewise, any tribe that wished to become an ally of the Quraysh could do so. The tribe of Khuza‘ah quickly said, “We enter into the alliance and covenant of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him),” and the tribe of Banu Bakr said, “We enter into the alliance and covenant of the Quraysh.” Also, you will return this year without performing ‘Umrah and will not enter Makkah. Next year, we will not prevent you. You may enter Makkah with your companions and stay for three days. You will have only such weapons as a traveler carries, and your swords will remain sheathed.”
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was still dictating this document when Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him), the son of Suhayl bin ‘Amr, managed to escape in chains and reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had set out from Madinah, they were certain of victory based on the Prophet’s dream. But when they saw this situation—that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was making peace with the disbelievers and was ready to return without performing ‘Umrah, and had apparently accepted conditions against himself—the companions were deeply shaken, and it was almost as if some of them would perish from grief. Suhayl saw Abu Jandal and got up, slapped him on the face, and said, “O Muhammad! The peace treaty between you and me was concluded before he came.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Yes, that is correct.” So he got up, grabbed Abu Jandal’s clothes, and shook him violently. Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him) cried out loudly, “O Muslims! Will you return me to the polytheists so that they may torture me further for the sake of religion?” The companions’ hearts, already troubled, became even more disturbed at this sight. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him), “Be patient and hope for reward from Allah. Allah will soon provide a way out for you and for all the weak ones with you. We have made a peace treaty with these people, and we have given them our word, and they have given us theirs. We will never break our promise.” Sayyiduna ‘Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) rushed to Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him) and walked alongside him, saying, “Abu Jandal! Be patient. These people are polytheists; their blood is like that of dogs.” At the same time, Sayyiduna ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) brought the hilt of his sword close to Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him). I thought he would strike Abu Jandal’s father with the sword, but he saved his father, and the matter was settled.
After this, the narrator mentioned in detail that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the companions to sacrifice their camels and shave their heads. They hesitated to comply until the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) himself sacrificed his camel and shaved his head, as has been detailed in the first chain. After that, the people got up and began to sacrifice their camels and shave their heads. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was still on the way between Makkah and Madinah, Surah al-Fath was revealed.
