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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أهم أحداث السنة الثانية للهجرةMost Important Events of the Second Year of Hijrah
مَا جَاءَ فِي سِيَاقِ القِصَّةِ وَالتَّحْرِيضِ عَلَى القِتالِWhat has been reported regarding the sequence of the story and the encouragement to fight
Hadith 10696
اُردوEn
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ قَالَ نَظَرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ وَهُمْ ثَلَاثُ مِائَةٍ وَنَيِّفٌ وَنَظَرَ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَإِذَا هُمْ أَلْفٌ وَزِيَادَةٌ فَاسْتَقْبَلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْقِبْلَةَ ثُمَّ مَدَّ يَدَيْهِ وَعَلَيْهِ رِدَاؤُهُ وَإِزَارُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ أَيْنَ مَا وَعَدْتَنِي اللَّهُمَّ أَنْجِزْ مَا وَعَدْتَنِي اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ إِنْ تُهْلِكْ هَذِهِ الْعِصَابَةَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ فَلَا تُعْبَدْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَبَدًا قَالَ فَمَا زَالَ يَسْتَغِيثُ رَبَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَيَدْعُوهُ حَتَّى سَقَطَ رِدَاؤُهُ فَأَتَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَأَخَذَ رِدَاءَهُ فَرَدَّاهُ ثُمَّ الْتَزَمَهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ كَفَاكَ مُنَاشَدَتُكَ رَبَّكَ فَإِنَّهُ سَيُنْجِزُ لَكَ مَا وَعَدَكَ وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {إِذْ تَسْتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمْ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُمْ بِأَلْفٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُرْدِفِينَ} [الأنفال: 9] فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَالْتَقَوْا فَهَزَمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعُونَ رَجُلًا وَأُسِرَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعُونَ رَجُلًا فَاسْتَشَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعَلِيًّا وَعُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ هَؤُلَاءِ بَنُو الْعَمِّ وَالْعَشِيرَةُ وَالْإِخْوَانُ فَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمْ الْفِدْيَةَ فَيَكُونُ مَا أَخَذْنَا مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً لَنَا عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ وَعَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَهْدِيَهُمْ فَيَكُونُوا لَنَا عَضُدًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا تَرَى يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ قُلْتُ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَرَى مَا رَأَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَلَكِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تُمَكِّنَنِي مِنْ فُلَانٍ قَرِيبٍ لِعُمَرَ فَأَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ وَتُمَكِّنَ عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مِنْ عَقِيلٍ فَيَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ وَتُمَكِّنَ حَمْزَةَ مِنْ فُلَانٍ أَخِيهِ فَيَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ حَتَّى يَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَتْ فِي قُلُوبِنَا هَوَادَةٌ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ هَؤُلَاءِ صَنَادِيدُهُمْ وَأَئِمَّتُهُمْ وَقَادَتُهُمْ فَهَوَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَلَمْ يَهْوَ مَا قُلْتُ فَأَخَذَ مِنْهُمُ الْفِدَاءَ فَلَمَّا أَنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ غَدَوْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَإِذَا هُوَ قَاعِدٌ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَإِذَا هُمَا يَبْكِيَانِ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَخْبِرْنِي مَاذَا يُبْكِيكَ أَنْتَ وَصَاحِبَكَ فَإِنْ وَجَدْتُ بُكَاءً بَكَيْتُ وَإِنْ لَمْ أَجِدْ بُكَاءً تَبَاكَيْتُ لِبُكَائِكُمَا قَالَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّذِي عَرَضَ عَلَيَّ أَصْحَابُكَ مِنَ الْفِدَاءِ لَقَدْ عُرِضَ عَلَيَّ عَذَابُكُمْ أَدْنَى مِنْ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ لِشَجَرَةٍ قَرِيبَةٍ وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ} [الأنفال: 67-68] مِنَ الْفِدَاءِ ثُمَّ أُحِلَّ لَهُمُ الْغَنَائِمُ فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ أُحُدٍ مِنَ الْعَامِ الْمُقْبِلِ عُوقِبُوا بِمَا صَنَعُوا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ مِنْ أَخْذِهِمُ الْفِدَاءَ فَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعُونَ وَفَرَّ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَكُسِرَتْ رَبَاعِيَتُهُ وَهُشِمَتِ الْبَيْضَةُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ وَسَالَ الدَّمُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى {أَوَلَمَّا أَصَابَتْكُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَدْ أَصَبْتُمْ مِثْلَيْهَا} [آل عمران: 165] الْآيَةَ بِأَخْذِكُمُ الْفِدَاءَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: On the day of Badr, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) looked towards his companions, while they were a little more than three hundred, then he (peace and blessings be upon him) looked towards the polytheists and they were more than a thousand, then he (peace and blessings be upon him) turned towards the Qiblah, stretched out his hands, while he (peace and blessings be upon him) was wearing a sheet and an izar, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) made this supplication: O Allah! Where is what You promised me? O Allah! Fulfill what You promised me. O Allah! If You destroy this group of Muslims, then You will never be worshipped on the earth. He (peace and blessings be upon him) kept seeking help from his Lord and kept supplicating, until his sheet fell off. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came, picked up his sheet, put it on him (peace and blessings be upon him), and held him from behind, then said: O Prophet of Allah! What you have asked from your Lord is enough for you, He will soon fulfill what He has promised you. At that time Allah the Exalted revealed this verse: {إِذْ تَسْتَغِیثُونَ رَبَّکُمْ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَکُمْ أَنِّی مُمِدُّکُمْ بِأَلْفٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِکَۃِ مُرْدِفِینَ۔} … Remember when you were calling upon your Lord for help, then Allah responded to you: “I will help you with a thousand angels, following one another.” (Surah Al-Anfal: 9) Then, when the two armies clashed that day, Allah the Exalted defeated the polytheists in such a way that seventy of them were killed and seventy were captured. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) consulted Sayyiduna Abu Bakr, Sayyiduna Ali, and Sayyiduna Umar about the captives. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Prophet of Allah! These people are the sons of our uncles, our relatives and brothers. My opinion is that you take ransom from them, with that wealth our strength against the disbelievers will increase, and it is also possible that Allah the Exalted may later guide them, thus they may become our supporters. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Ibn Khattab! What is your opinion in this matter? He said: By Allah! I do not agree with the opinion of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). My opinion is that so-and-so, who is my relative, should be handed over to me, I will strike his neck; Aqeel should be handed over to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), he will kill him; so-and-so should be handed over to Sayyiduna Hamza (may Allah be pleased with him), he will strike his neck, so that Allah the Exalted may know that there is no compassion in our hearts for the polytheists. These captives are the chiefs, rulers, and leaders of the polytheists. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) liked the opinion of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and did not like the opinion of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), so he (peace and blessings be upon him) took ransom from them. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) says: When I went to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) the next day, he and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) were both sitting and weeping. I said: O Messenger of Allah! Tell me about the thing that is making you and your companion weep. If I am able to weep, I will also weep, and if I am not able to weep, I will make a weeping face because of your weeping. The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Because of the opinion your companions gave about taking ransom, your punishment was presented to me, which is near that tree. By this he (peace and blessings be upon him) meant a nearby tree. At that time Allah the Exalted revealed these verses: {مَا کَانَ لِنَبِیٍّ اَنْ یَّکُوْنَ لَہٗٓاَسْرٰی حَتّٰییُثْخِنَ فِی الْاَرْضِ تُرِیْدُوْنَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْیَا وَاللّٰہُ یُرِیْدُ الْاٰخِرَۃَ وَاللّٰہُ عَزِیْز’‘ حَکِیْم’‘۔ لَوْ لَا کِتٰب’‘ مِّنَ اللّٰہِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّکُمْ فِیْمَآ اَخَذْتُمْ عَذَاب’‘ عَظِیْم’‘} It is not for a Prophet to have captives until he has thoroughly subdued the land. You desire the goods of this world, but Allah desires the Hereafter, and Allah is Mighty, Wise. Had it not been for a prior decree from Allah, a severe punishment would have touched you for what you have taken. (Surah Al-Anfal: 67) Then, spoils of war were made lawful for them. When the Battle of Uhud took place the following year, the punishment for taking ransom on the day of Badr was given, and seventy companions were martyred, and the companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) fled from him, his teeth were martyred, his helmet was broken on his head, and blood began to flow on his face. Then Allah the Exalted revealed this verse: {اَوَلَمَّآ اَصَابَتْکُمْ مُّصِیْبَۃ’‘ قَدْ اَصَبْتُمْ مِّثْلَیْھَا قُلْتُمْ اَنّٰی ھٰذَا قُلْ ھُوَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اَنْفُسِکُمْ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ عَلٰی کُلِّ شَیْئٍ قَدِیْر’‘۔} (What is the matter that when on the day of Uhud) a calamity befell you, though you had inflicted twice as much, you said: “From where has this come?” Say: “It is from your own selves.” Surely Allah is Powerful over everything. (Surah Aal-e-Imran: 165) That is, because of taking ransom.
