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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أهم أحداث السنة الأولى للهجرةMost Important Events of the First Year of Hijrah
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي بَيْعَةِ نِسَاءِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِChapter: What has been reported regarding the pledge of allegiance of the women of Madinah
Hadith 10665
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ عَنْ جَدَّتِهِ أُمِّ عَطِيَّةَ قَالَتْ لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ جَمَعَ نِسَاءَ الْأَنْصَارِ فِي بَيْتٍ ثُمَّ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَامَ عَلَى الْبَابِ فَسَلَّمَ فَرَدَدْنَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ فَقَالَ أَنَا رَسُولُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْكُنَّ قُلْنَا مَرْحَبًا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَقَالَ تُبَايِعْنَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا تُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا تَزْنِينَ وَلَا تَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَكُنَّ وَلَا تَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ تَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيكُنَّ وَأَرْجُلِكُنَّ وَلَا تَعْصِينَهُ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ قُلْنَا نَعَمْ فَمَدَدْنَا أَيْدِيَنَا مِنْ دَاخِلِ الْبَيْتِ وَمَدَّ يَدَهُ مِنْ خَارِجِ الْبَيْتِ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ وَأَمَرَنَا بِالْعِيدَيْنِ أَنْ نُخْرِجَ الْعَوَاتِقَ وَالْحُيَّضَ وَنَهَى عَنِ اتِّبَاعِ الْجَنَائِزِ وَلَا جُمُعَةَ عَلَيْنَا وَسَأَلْتُهَا عَنْ قَوْلِهِ {وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ} [الممتحنة: 12] قَالَتْ نُهِينَا عَنِ النِّيَاحَةِ
It is narrated from Sayyida Umm Atiyya (may Allah be pleased with her) that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived in Madinah Munawwarah, he gathered the women of the Ansar in a house and sent Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) to them. He went and stood at the door and greeted them with salam. The women replied to the salam. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I am the messenger of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to you. We said: We welcome and greet the Messenger of Allah and the messenger of the Messenger of Allah. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Pledge allegiance to these matters: that you will not associate anything with Allah Almighty, you will not commit adultery, you will not kill your children, you will not fabricate anything yourself and slander anyone, and you will not wail (lament). We said: Agreed. Then from inside the house, we extended our hands forward and he extended his from outside; the pledge was done merely by gesture, without shaking hands. Then he said: O Allah! Bear witness. He commanded us that on the occasion of the two Eids, we should take young girls and menstruating women out to the Eidgah for Eid, and he forbade us from accompanying funeral processions, and also said that attending Jumu’ah is not obligatory for us. Isma’il bin Abdur Rahman says: I asked my grandmother, what is meant by the word {وَلَا یَعْصِینَکَ فِی مَعْرُوفٍ} mentioned in the hadith? She said that by this word, we were forbidden from wailing (lamenting).
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … From the context of this hadith, it is understood that this pledge (bay‘ah) was specific to the women of the Ansar. However, when the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam arrived in Madinah Munawwarah, various instances of taking pledges from both men and women continued.
In general, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam used to take the pledge from women in light of the following verse:
{ ٰٓیاَیُّہَا النَّبِیُّ اِذَا جَآئَ کَ الْمُؤْمِنٰتُ یُبَایِعْنَکَ عَلٰٓی اَنْ لَّا یُشْرِکْنَ بِاللّٰہِ شَیْئًا وَّلَا یَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا یَزْنِیْنَ وَلَا یَقْتُلْنَ اَوْلَادَھُنَّ وَلَا یَاْتِیْنَ بِبُھْتَانٍ یَّفْتَرِیْنَہٗ بَیْنَ اَیْدِیْھِنَّ وَاَرْجُلِھِنَّ وَلَا یَعْصِیْنَکَ فِیْ مَعْرُوْفٍ} (Surah al-Mumtahanah: 12) That is: O Prophet! When believing women come to you to pledge that they will not associate anything with Allah, will not steal, will not commit adultery, will not kill their children, will not bring forth a slander they have invented between their hands and feet, and will not disobey you in what is right, then accept their pledge.
In the next hadith as well, this very verse is intended.
In general, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam used to take the pledge from women in light of the following verse:
{ ٰٓیاَیُّہَا النَّبِیُّ اِذَا جَآئَ کَ الْمُؤْمِنٰتُ یُبَایِعْنَکَ عَلٰٓی اَنْ لَّا یُشْرِکْنَ بِاللّٰہِ شَیْئًا وَّلَا یَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا یَزْنِیْنَ وَلَا یَقْتُلْنَ اَوْلَادَھُنَّ وَلَا یَاْتِیْنَ بِبُھْتَانٍ یَّفْتَرِیْنَہٗ بَیْنَ اَیْدِیْھِنَّ وَاَرْجُلِھِنَّ وَلَا یَعْصِیْنَکَ فِیْ مَعْرُوْفٍ} (Surah al-Mumtahanah: 12) That is: O Prophet! When believing women come to you to pledge that they will not associate anything with Allah, will not steal, will not commit adultery, will not kill their children, will not bring forth a slander they have invented between their hands and feet, and will not disobey you in what is right, then accept their pledge.
In the next hadith as well, this very verse is intended.
