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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب خلق العالمBook of the Creation of the World
بَابُ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: «وَإِذْ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بنِي آدَمَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ»Chapter: Allah Almighty's saying: "And when your Lord took from the children of Adam from their loins their descendants"
Hadith 10304
اُردوEn
عَنْ رُفَيْعٍ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَإِذْ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ وَأَشْهَدَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ} قَالَ جَمَعَهُمْ فَجَعَلَهُمْ أَرْوَاحًا ثُمَّ صَوَّرَهُمْ فَاسْتَنْطَقَهُمْ فَتَكَلَّمُوا ثُمَّ أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَهْدَ وَالْمِيثَاقَ وَأَشْهَدَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أُشْهِدُ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعَ وَالْأَرَضِينَ السَّبْعَ وَأُشْهِدُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَبَاكُمْ آدَمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ أَنْ تَقُولُوا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لَمْ نَعْلَمْ بِهَذَا اعْلَمُوا أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرِي وَلَا رَبَّ غَيْرِي فَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِي شَيْئًا إِنِّي سَأُرْسِلُ إِلَيْكُمْ رُسُلِي يُذَكِّرُونَكُمْ عَهْدِي وَمِيثَاقِي وَأُنْزِلُ عَلَيْكُمْ كُتُبِي قَالُوا شَهِدْنَا بِأَنَّكَ رَبُّنَا وَإِلَهُنَا لَا رَبَّ لَنَا غَيْرُكَ فَأَقَرُّوا بِذَلِكَ وَرَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمْ آدَمَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ فَرَأَى الْغَنِيَّ وَالْفَقِيرَ وَحُسْنَ الصُّورَةِ وَدُونَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ رَبِّ لَوْ لَا سَوَّيْتَ بَيْنَ عِبَادِكَ قَالَ إِنِّي أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ أُشْكَرَ وَرَأَى الْأَنْبِيَاءَ فِيهِمْ مِثْلَ السُّرُجِ عَلَيْهِمُ النُّورُ خُصُّوا بِمِيثَاقٍ آخَرَ فِي الرِّسَالَةِ وَالنُّبُوَّةِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى {وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ مِيثَاقَهُمْ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ} كَانَ فِي تِلْكَ الْأَرْوَاحِ فَأَرْسَلَهُ إِلَى مَرْيَمَ فَحَدَّثَ عَنْ أُبَيٍّ أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ مِنْ فِيهَا
Sayyiduna Ubayy bin Ka’b (may Allah be pleased with him) says regarding the statement of Allah Almighty: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their loins, their descendants, and made them testify against themselves. Its detail is that Allah Almighty gathered them, made them souls, then formed their images and gave them the power of speech, so they spoke. Then Allah Almighty took a firm covenant from them and, making them witnesses over themselves, said: Am I not your Lord? I make the seven heavens, the seven earths, and your father a witness over you, so that you may not say on the Day of Resurrection that we had no knowledge of this. Know well that there is no deity nor Lord besides Me, so do not associate anything with Me. Soon I will send My messengers to you, they will remind you of My covenant, and I will also send down My books upon you. They said: We bear witness that You alone are our Lord and deity, we have no Lord besides You. Thus, all of them acknowledged. Then Allah Almighty raised Adam (peace be upon him) over them; he saw among them the rich, the poor, the handsome, and the less beautiful, and said: O my Lord! Why did You not make them equal among themselves? Allah Almighty said: I desire that gratitude be shown to Me. He also saw among them the Prophets, they appeared like lamps and had light upon them, they were distinguished with the covenant and pledge of Prophethood and Messengership. This is mentioned in the statement of Allah Almighty: And when We took from the Prophets their firm covenant... ‘Isa son of Maryam. ‘Isa (peace be upon him) was also among those souls. Then Allah Almighty sent that soul to Lady Maryam (peace be upon her), and it entered into her through her mouth.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … In the above and other hadiths on this subject, there is mention of the Covenant of Alastu (عَھْدِ اَلَسْتُ). This phrase is derived from the words of the verse {اَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّکُمْ}, and this covenant was taken from all the progeny that came from the loins of Adam alayhis salam after his creation. The complete verses are:
{وَاِذْ اَخَذَ رَبُّکَ مِنْ بَنِیْ آدَمَ مِنْ ظُھُوْرِھِمْ ذُرِّیَّتَھُمْ وَاَشْھَدَھُمْ عَلٰی اَنْفُسِھِمْ أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّکُمْ قَالُوا بَلٰی شَہِدْنَآ أَنْ تَقُولُوا یَوْمَ الْقِیٰمَۃِ اِنَّا کُنَّا عَنْ ہٰذَا غَافِلِیْنَ۔ أَوْ تَقُوْلُوآ اِنَّمَا أَشْرَکَ آبَآؤُنَا مِنْ قَبْلُ وَ کُنَّا ذُرِّیَّۃً مِنْ بَعْدِہِمْ أَفَتُہْلِکُنَا بِمَا فَعَلَ الْمُبْطِلُونَ۔} … And when your Lord brought forth from the children of Adam, from their loins, their descendants, and made them testify concerning themselves, [saying], "Am I not your Lord?" They said, "Yes, indeed! We testify." [This] lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection, "Indeed, we were unaware of this," or lest you say, "It was only our forefathers who associated [others with Allah] before [us], and we were but descendants after them. Will You then destroy us for what the falsifiers have done?" (Surah Al-A'raf: 172, 173)
We accept this covenant because Allah ta'ala and His Messenger have informed us of it. In any case, its effect is that the testimony to Allah ta'ala's Lordship has been deposited in the nature (fitrah) of every human being, and if this nature has not lost its status due to various impurities, then such a person, upon receiving an external call and internal reflection, immediately accepts the call of truth. However, if that nature has been affected due to shirk (associating partners with Allah), innovation (bid'ah), or a corrupt society, then he feels estranged in accepting the truth, and this stage becomes difficult for him. This was the reason for the varying times at which the noble Companions radi Allahu anhum accepted Islam.
The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam expressed this same concept in these words: ((Every child is born upon the fitrah (natural disposition), then his parents make him a Jew, or a Christian, or a Magian, just as an animal gives birth to a sound animal—do you see any among them born mutilated?)) … Every child is born upon the fitrah, then his parents make him a Jew, or a Christian, or a Magian, just as the offspring of an animal is born whole and sound, its nose and ears are not cut. (Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim)
{وَاِذْ اَخَذَ رَبُّکَ مِنْ بَنِیْ آدَمَ مِنْ ظُھُوْرِھِمْ ذُرِّیَّتَھُمْ وَاَشْھَدَھُمْ عَلٰی اَنْفُسِھِمْ أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّکُمْ قَالُوا بَلٰی شَہِدْنَآ أَنْ تَقُولُوا یَوْمَ الْقِیٰمَۃِ اِنَّا کُنَّا عَنْ ہٰذَا غَافِلِیْنَ۔ أَوْ تَقُوْلُوآ اِنَّمَا أَشْرَکَ آبَآؤُنَا مِنْ قَبْلُ وَ کُنَّا ذُرِّیَّۃً مِنْ بَعْدِہِمْ أَفَتُہْلِکُنَا بِمَا فَعَلَ الْمُبْطِلُونَ۔} … And when your Lord brought forth from the children of Adam, from their loins, their descendants, and made them testify concerning themselves, [saying], "Am I not your Lord?" They said, "Yes, indeed! We testify." [This] lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection, "Indeed, we were unaware of this," or lest you say, "It was only our forefathers who associated [others with Allah] before [us], and we were but descendants after them. Will You then destroy us for what the falsifiers have done?" (Surah Al-A'raf: 172, 173)
We accept this covenant because Allah ta'ala and His Messenger have informed us of it. In any case, its effect is that the testimony to Allah ta'ala's Lordship has been deposited in the nature (fitrah) of every human being, and if this nature has not lost its status due to various impurities, then such a person, upon receiving an external call and internal reflection, immediately accepts the call of truth. However, if that nature has been affected due to shirk (associating partners with Allah), innovation (bid'ah), or a corrupt society, then he feels estranged in accepting the truth, and this stage becomes difficult for him. This was the reason for the varying times at which the noble Companions radi Allahu anhum accepted Islam.
The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam expressed this same concept in these words: ((Every child is born upon the fitrah (natural disposition), then his parents make him a Jew, or a Christian, or a Magian, just as an animal gives birth to a sound animal—do you see any among them born mutilated?)) … Every child is born upon the fitrah, then his parents make him a Jew, or a Christian, or a Magian, just as the offspring of an animal is born whole and sound, its nose and ears are not cut. (Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim)
