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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب آفات اللسانBook of the Afflictions of the Tongue
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الْخمَاسِيَّاتِChapter on what has been narrated regarding quintets
Hadith 10005
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجٌ وَرَوْحٌ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرًا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا تَمْشِ فِي نَعْلٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَلَا تَحْتَبِيَنَّ فِي إِزَارٍ وَاحِدٍ وَلَا تَأْكُلْ بِشِمَالِكَ وَلَا تَشْتَمِلِ الصَّمَّاءَ وَلَا تَضَعْ إِحْدَى رِجْلَيْكَ عَلَى الْأُخْرَى إِذَا اسْتَلْقَيْتَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ أَوَضْعُهُ رِجْلَهُ عَلَى الرُّكْبَةِ مُسْتَلْقِيًا قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ أَمَّا الصَّمَّاءُ فَهِيَ إِحْدَى اللِّبْسَتَيْنِ تَجْعَلُ دَاخِلَةَ إِزَارِكَ وَخَارِجَهُ عَلَى إِحْدَى عَاتِقَيْكَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ فَإِنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ لَا يَحْتَبِي فِي إِزَارٍ وَاحِدٍ مُفْضِيًا قَالَ كَذَلِكَ سَمِعْتُ جَابِرًا يَقُولُ لَا يَحْتَبِي فِي إِزَارٍ وَاحِدَةٍ قَالَ حَجَّاجٌ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ عَمْرٌو لِي مُفْضِيًا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Do not walk in one shoe, do not squat in one lower garment, do not eat with the left hand, do not wrap yourself in a mute cloak, and when lying on your back, do not place one leg over the other. Ibn Jurayj says: I said to Abu Zubair: Does this mean that a person lies down and places his foot on the other knee? He said: Yes. Then he said: A mute cloak is a garment in which the inner and outer part of the lower garment is placed on one shoulder. Ibn Jurayj says: I then said to Abu Zubair: People say that one should not squat in one lower garment when there is exposure? He said: I heard from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) in this way, that a person should not squat in one lower garment. Hajjaj narrated from Ibn Jurayj that Amr's words are that squatting is prohibited when the private parts are exposed.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … What is meant by “ishtimal al-samma’”? Hafiz Ibn Hajar said: The linguists say: It is when a person wraps a garment around his body in such a way that he neither lifts any part of it to any side, nor does he leave enough space for his hand to come out. Ibn Qutaybah said: The reason for calling it “samma’” is that its form closes all openings, thus it becomes like a solid rock in which there is no hole.
Whereas the jurists (fuqaha) said: A man wraps a garment around his body and then lifts one edge and places it on his shoulder, so that his private parts become exposed. (Fath al-Bari: 1/629) The narration of Sunan Abi Dawud (4080) supports this meaning; in it, it is stated: The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam forbade two types of clothing: a man sitting in such a way that his private parts are exposed from above, and wearing a garment in such a way that one side remains uncovered and the garment is thrown over the shoulder.
Although the definition of this hadith’s narrator, Sayyiduna Abu Sa’id al-Khudri radi Allahu anhu, is similar to the jurists’ definition, Allamah Azimabadi says: If the word “samma’” is considered, then there is no room for this meaning; the meaning stated by Asma’i is closer to the word. He says: It is when a man covers his entire body with a single garment in such a way that not even a hole remains for his hand to come out, and thus he cannot defend himself from harmful things with his hands. (Awn al-Ma’bud: 1/1122)
From the previous explanation, it is understood that the definition of the jurists is supported by the hadith and by the narrator of the hadith, so there is no objection in taking this meaning as intended. Thus, both meanings of ishtimal al-samma’ are correct. If preference is to be given, then the meaning supported by the hadith should be considered superior. (Abdullah Rafiq)
Habwah (sitting posture): To sit on the buttocks with the knees raised and to clasp both hands around them for support, or to tie a cloth around the back and knees. The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam himself used to sit in this manner, so sitting in this way is permissible, provided that the one sitting is not exposed, as is also understood from this hadith.
Whereas the jurists (fuqaha) said: A man wraps a garment around his body and then lifts one edge and places it on his shoulder, so that his private parts become exposed. (Fath al-Bari: 1/629) The narration of Sunan Abi Dawud (4080) supports this meaning; in it, it is stated: The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam forbade two types of clothing: a man sitting in such a way that his private parts are exposed from above, and wearing a garment in such a way that one side remains uncovered and the garment is thrown over the shoulder.
Although the definition of this hadith’s narrator, Sayyiduna Abu Sa’id al-Khudri radi Allahu anhu, is similar to the jurists’ definition, Allamah Azimabadi says: If the word “samma’” is considered, then there is no room for this meaning; the meaning stated by Asma’i is closer to the word. He says: It is when a man covers his entire body with a single garment in such a way that not even a hole remains for his hand to come out, and thus he cannot defend himself from harmful things with his hands. (Awn al-Ma’bud: 1/1122)
From the previous explanation, it is understood that the definition of the jurists is supported by the hadith and by the narrator of the hadith, so there is no objection in taking this meaning as intended. Thus, both meanings of ishtimal al-samma’ are correct. If preference is to be given, then the meaning supported by the hadith should be considered superior. (Abdullah Rafiq)
Habwah (sitting posture): To sit on the buttocks with the knees raised and to clasp both hands around them for support, or to tie a cloth around the back and knees. The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam himself used to sit in this manner, so sitting in this way is permissible, provided that the one sitting is not exposed, as is also understood from this hadith.
