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الادب المفرد
Adab al-Mufrad
كتاب الأكابرBook of the Elders
بَابُ يَبْدَأُ الْكَبِيرُ بِالْكَلاَمِ وَالسُّؤَالِChapter: The Elder Begins Speaking and Asking
Hadith 359
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بُشَيْرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ مَوْلَى الأَنْصَارِ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، وَسَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، أَنَّهُمَا حَدَثَا، أَوْ حَدَّثَاهُ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ، وَمُحَيِّصَةَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، أَتَيَا خَيْبَرَ فَتَفَرَّقَا فِي النَّخْلِ، فَقُتِلَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، فَجَاءَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، وَحُوَيِّصَةُ وَمُحَيِّصَةُ ابْنَا مَسْعُودٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَتَكَلَّمُوا فِي أَمْرِ صَاحِبِهِمْ، فَبَدَأَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَكَانَ أَصْغَرَ الْقَوْمِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ”كَبِّرِ الْكِبَرَ“، قَالَ يَحْيَى: لِيَلِيَ الْكَلاَمَ الأَكْبَرُ، فَتَكَلَّمُوا فِي أَمْرِ صَاحِبِهِمْ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ”اسْتَحِقُّوا قَتِيلَكُمْ“، أَوْ قَالَ: ”صَاحِبَكُمْ، بِأَيْمَانِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْكُمْ“، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَمْرٌ لَمْ نَرَهُ، قَالَ: ”فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِأَيْمَانِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهُمْ“، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، قَوْمٌ كُفَّارٌ. فَفَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ. قَالَ سَهْلٌ: فَأَدْرَكْتُ نَاقَةً مِنْ تِلْكَ الْإِبِلِ، فَدَخَلْتُ مِرْبَدًا لَهُمْ، فَرَكَضَتْنِيْ بِرِجْلِهَا.
Sayyiduna Rafi’ bin Khadij and Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathmah (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrate that Abdullah bin Sahl and Muhayyisah bin Mas’ud both came to Khaybar and separated among the date-palm groves. Abdullah bin Sahl was killed, so Abdur Rahman bin Sahl and Huwayyisah and Muhayyisah, the sons of Mas’ud, came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and spoke about their murdered companion. Abdur Rahman, who was the youngest, began to speak, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: “Let the elder speak.” Yahya said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) meant that the elder should get up and speak. So they spoke about their murdered companion, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Can fifty men among you swear an oath and thus become entitled to the blood money for your murdered man?” They said: O Messenger of Allah! This is a matter which we did not witness (so how can we swear an oath)? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Then the Jews will swear fifty oaths (that they did not kill him) and will be acquitted.” They said: They are disbelieving people (what value is there in their oaths)? Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) paid the blood money himself. Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathmah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I once entered their camel enclosure, and one of the she-camels (from the blood money) kicked me.
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Usman Muneeb
Benefits and Issues:
➊ This hadith is called the Hadith of Qasamah. The incident occurred during the period when the Muslims had a peace treaty with the Jews of Khaybar. During that time, Abdullah bin Sahal and Muhayyisah bin Mas’ud went to Khaybar for business purposes. Upon arrival, they separated, and Abdullah bin Sahal was killed by someone. Muhayyisah saw that he was drenched in blood and his neck was broken. He informed the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) of the situation, so he summoned the Jews, but they said, “We did not kill him.” The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) told the heirs of the murdered man, “You must have fifty men swear oaths that these Jews killed your man, and then they will pay the blood money (diyah). If you do not do this, then take fifty oaths from the Jews.” They said, “They are disbelievers; they will save themselves by lying.” Since this was the law, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said, “There is no other solution.” However, since the blood of a Muslim was going to waste, he paid the blood money from the public treasury (bayt al-mal). Thus, the method of Qasamah continued.
➋ When they began to speak, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) told the elder to speak, from which it is understood that the respect and honor of elders should be observed. When elders are present, the younger ones should not speak.
➌ In ordinary disputes, the burden of proof is upon the claimant, and if he cannot present evidence, then the defendant is required to swear an oath. However, in Qasamah, the oath is first demanded from the claimant.
➍ At the end of the hadith, the statement of Sahal (radi Allahu anhu) that a she-camel kicked him means that he remembers the incident in full detail, even going to their enclosure. That is why he remembered the hadith and did not forget it.
➊ This hadith is called the Hadith of Qasamah. The incident occurred during the period when the Muslims had a peace treaty with the Jews of Khaybar. During that time, Abdullah bin Sahal and Muhayyisah bin Mas’ud went to Khaybar for business purposes. Upon arrival, they separated, and Abdullah bin Sahal was killed by someone. Muhayyisah saw that he was drenched in blood and his neck was broken. He informed the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) of the situation, so he summoned the Jews, but they said, “We did not kill him.” The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) told the heirs of the murdered man, “You must have fifty men swear oaths that these Jews killed your man, and then they will pay the blood money (diyah). If you do not do this, then take fifty oaths from the Jews.” They said, “They are disbelievers; they will save themselves by lying.” Since this was the law, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said, “There is no other solution.” However, since the blood of a Muslim was going to waste, he paid the blood money from the public treasury (bayt al-mal). Thus, the method of Qasamah continued.
➋ When they began to speak, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) told the elder to speak, from which it is understood that the respect and honor of elders should be observed. When elders are present, the younger ones should not speak.
➌ In ordinary disputes, the burden of proof is upon the claimant, and if he cannot present evidence, then the defendant is required to swear an oath. However, in Qasamah, the oath is first demanded from the claimant.
➍ At the end of the hadith, the statement of Sahal (radi Allahu anhu) that a she-camel kicked him means that he remembers the incident in full detail, even going to their enclosure. That is why he remembered the hadith and did not forget it.
Source: Fadlullah al-Ahad: Urdu Commentary on al-Adab al-Mufrad, Page: 359
