الادب المفرد
Adab al-Mufrad
كتاب الوالدينBook of Parents
بَابُ لاَ يَسْتَغْفِرُ لأَبِيهِ الْمُشْرِكِChapter: Not Seeking Forgiveness for a Polytheist Father
Hadith 23
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: ﴿إِمَّا يَبْلُغَنَّ عِنْدَكَ الْكِبَرَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَوْ كِلاَهُمَا فَلاَ تَقُلْ لَهُمَا أُفٍّ﴾ [الإسراء: 23] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿كَمَا رَبَّيَانِي صَغِيرًا﴾ [الإسراء: 24] ، فَنَسَخَتْهَا الْآيَةُ فِي بَرَاءَةَ: ﴿مَا كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرُوا لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَوْ كَانُوا أُولِي قُرْبَى مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْجَحِيمِ﴾ [التوبة: 113].
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) regarding the noble verse: «إِمَّا يَبْلُغَنَّ عِنْدَكَ الْكِبَرَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَوْ كِلَاهُمَا فَلَا تَقُلْ لَهُمَا أُفٍّ وَلَا تَنْهَرْهُمَا وَقُلْ لَهُمَا قَوْلًا كَرِيمًا ٭ وَاخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَقُلْ رَبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِي صَغِيرًا» [سورہ الإسراء: 23–24] “If one or both of them reach old age with you, do not say to them ‘uff’ (a word of disrespect), nor scold them, and speak to them with great respect (with manners and honor). And lower to them the wing (side) of humility out of mercy, and say: My Lord, have mercy upon them as they brought me up when I was small.” said that this verse was abrogated by the verse in Surah Bara’ah: «مَا كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرُوا لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَوْ كَانُوا أُولِي قُرْبَى مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْجَحِيمِ» [سورہ التوبہ: 113] “It is not for the Prophet and those who believe to ask forgiveness for the polytheists, even if they are close relatives, after it has become clear to them that they are people of the Fire.”
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Usman Muneeb
Benefits and Issues:
➊ The best way to show kindness to parents after their passing is to supplicate for their forgiveness and pardon, but this is only permissible if they passed away in a state of faith. Otherwise, supplicating for them is not permissible.
➋ In the aforementioned hadith, the statement of Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma also carries the same meaning: that the generality in the first verse—that whether parents are disbelievers or Muslims, every person should supplicate for mercy for their parents—was abrogated by the verse in Surah At-Tawbah, and the supplication was restricted only to Muslim parents.
➌ Although the name of parents is not explicitly mentioned in the verse of Surah At-Tawbah, parents are included in “those of close kin” (awla al-qurba) even more so.
➍ If the mother and father are disbelievers, polytheists, or non-practicing, then during their lifetime, one should supplicate for their guidance. The explanation of the verses has already been mentioned in the previous pages.
➊ The best way to show kindness to parents after their passing is to supplicate for their forgiveness and pardon, but this is only permissible if they passed away in a state of faith. Otherwise, supplicating for them is not permissible.
➋ In the aforementioned hadith, the statement of Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma also carries the same meaning: that the generality in the first verse—that whether parents are disbelievers or Muslims, every person should supplicate for mercy for their parents—was abrogated by the verse in Surah At-Tawbah, and the supplication was restricted only to Muslim parents.
➌ Although the name of parents is not explicitly mentioned in the verse of Surah At-Tawbah, parents are included in “those of close kin” (awla al-qurba) even more so.
➍ If the mother and father are disbelievers, polytheists, or non-practicing, then during their lifetime, one should supplicate for their guidance. The explanation of the verses has already been mentioned in the previous pages.
Source: Fadlullah al-Ahad: Urdu Commentary on al-Adab al-Mufrad, Page: 23
