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الادب المفرد
Adab al-Mufrad
كتابBook of a Man’s Responsibility to His Family
بَابُ الرَّجُلِ رَاعٍ فِي أَهْلِهِChapter: The Man is a Shepherd Over His Family
Hadith 213
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلاَبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْحُوَيْرِثِ قَالَ: أَتَيْنَا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَنَحْنُ شَبَبَةٌ مُتَقَارِبُونَ، فَأَقَمْنَا عِنْدَهُ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً، فَظَنَّ أَنَّا اشْتَهَيْنَا أَهْلِينَا، فَسَأَلْنَا عَنْ مَنْ تَرَكْنَا فِي أَهْلِينَا؟ فَأَخْبَرْنَاهُ، وَكَانَ رَفِيقًا رَحِيمًا، فَقَالَ: ”ارْجِعُوا إِلَى أَهْلِيكُمْ فَعَلِّمُوهُمْ وَمُرُوهُمْ، وَصَلُّوا كَمَا رَأَيْتُمُونِي أُصَلِّي، فَإِذَا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاَةُ، فَلْيُؤَذِّنْ لَكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ، وَلْيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَكْبَرُكُمْ.“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sulaiman Malik bin Huwairith (may Allah be pleased with him) that we came to the service of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) while we were young men of similar age. We stayed with him for twenty nights, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) realized that we had become homesick for our families. So he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked us about our families—who among us had whom? We informed him. And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was very gentle and kind. He (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Return to your families and teach them, and command them (to act upon Islamic rulings), and pray as you have seen me praying. When the time for prayer comes, let one of you give the call to prayer (adhan), and let the eldest among you lead the prayer."
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Usman Muneeb
Benefits and Issues:
➊ This hadith holds the status of a foundational principle regarding prayer; however, Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has deduced from it the responsibility of a man concerning his household. This is because the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam instructed Malik ibn Huwairith radi Allahu anhu and his companions to return home and teach these teachings of Islam to their families as well. Teaching them is their responsibility, and among the household are included a man's wife and children, regarding whom he will be questioned.
➋ From this hadith, it is understood that the ruler of the time should be mindful of the feelings, emotions, and needs of his subjects, and a teacher should be considerate of his students, just as the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was.
➌ For a traveler, the call to prayer (adhan), the second call (iqamah), and congregational prayer (jama‘ah) are legislated. Furthermore, any individual can be appointed for the adhan; it is not a condition that he be a person of knowledge and virtue. However, from other ahadith, encouragement is found that the muezzin (mu’adhdhin) should be one whose voice is beautiful and loud. The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
((Let Bilal call the adhan, for his voice is more beautiful and louder than yours.)) (Sahih Sunan Abi Dawud, Hadith: 469)
For leading the prayer (imamah), knowledge and virtue should be considered, and the one who has memorized more of the Qur’an and is learned in it should be made the imam. If all are equal in knowledge and virtue, then the one who is older in age should perform the duties of imamah.
➊ This hadith holds the status of a foundational principle regarding prayer; however, Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has deduced from it the responsibility of a man concerning his household. This is because the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam instructed Malik ibn Huwairith radi Allahu anhu and his companions to return home and teach these teachings of Islam to their families as well. Teaching them is their responsibility, and among the household are included a man's wife and children, regarding whom he will be questioned.
➋ From this hadith, it is understood that the ruler of the time should be mindful of the feelings, emotions, and needs of his subjects, and a teacher should be considerate of his students, just as the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was.
➌ For a traveler, the call to prayer (adhan), the second call (iqamah), and congregational prayer (jama‘ah) are legislated. Furthermore, any individual can be appointed for the adhan; it is not a condition that he be a person of knowledge and virtue. However, from other ahadith, encouragement is found that the muezzin (mu’adhdhin) should be one whose voice is beautiful and loud. The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
((Let Bilal call the adhan, for his voice is more beautiful and louder than yours.)) (Sahih Sunan Abi Dawud, Hadith: 469)
For leading the prayer (imamah), knowledge and virtue should be considered, and the one who has memorized more of the Qur’an and is learned in it should be made the imam. If all are equal in knowledge and virtue, then the one who is older in age should perform the duties of imamah.
Source: Fadlullah al-Ahad: Urdu Commentary on al-Adab al-Mufrad, Page: 213
