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الادب المفرد
Adab al-Mufrad
كتابBook of Good Treatment of Servants
بَابُ مَنْ لَطَمَ عَبْدَهُ فَلْيُعْتِقْهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ إِيجَابٍChapter: Whoever Slaps His Slave Should Free Him Without Obligation
Hadith 180
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا فِرَاسٌ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ زَاذَانَ أَبِي عُمَرَ قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَدَعَا بِغُلاَمٍ لَهُ كَانَ ضَرَبَهُ فَكَشَفَ عَنْ ظَهْرِهِ فَقَالَ: أَيُوجِعُكَ؟ قَالَ: لاَ. فَأَعْتَقَهُ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ عُودًا مِنَ الأَرْضِ فَقَالَ: مَالِي فِيهِ مِنَ الأَجْرِ مَا يَزِنُ هَذَا الْعُودَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، لِمَ تَقُولُ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ أَوْ قَالَ: ”مَنْ ضَرَبَ مَمْلُوكَهُ حَدًّا لَمْ يَأْتِهِ، أَوْ لَطَمَ وَجْهَهُ، فَكَفَّارَتُهُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَهُ.“
Zadhan Abu Umar narrates that we were with Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them), so he called one of his slaves whom he had beaten. He removed the cloth from his back and asked, "Do you feel pain?" He replied, "No." So he set him free. Then he picked up a stick from the ground and said, "There is not even as much reward in this for me as the weight of this stick." I asked, "Abu Abdur Rahman! Why do you say this?" He said, "I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say: 'Whoever beats his slave without fault or slaps him, the expiation for that is to set him free.'"
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Usman Muneeb
Benefits and Issues:
The following points are emphasized in these hadiths:
➊ Slaves and servants are also human beings, and their self-respect should be considered. It is impermissible to humiliate or beat them without reason; however, light beating is permissible for the purpose of teaching manners.
➋ When it is necessary to administer a beating that is permissible, it is essential to ensure that the face is not struck.
➌ If a person beats his slave or servant without reason or strikes the face, then its expiation is that he should set him free. Furthermore, from the statement of Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhu, “I did not receive reward even equal to this stick,” it is understood that in the case of expiation, there is no reward for freeing the slave; it is only an expiation for the sin.
The following points are emphasized in these hadiths:
➊ Slaves and servants are also human beings, and their self-respect should be considered. It is impermissible to humiliate or beat them without reason; however, light beating is permissible for the purpose of teaching manners.
➋ When it is necessary to administer a beating that is permissible, it is essential to ensure that the face is not struck.
➌ If a person beats his slave or servant without reason or strikes the face, then its expiation is that he should set him free. Furthermore, from the statement of Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhu, “I did not receive reward even equal to this stick,” it is understood that in the case of expiation, there is no reward for freeing the slave; it is only an expiation for the sin.
Source: Fadlullah al-Ahad: Urdu Commentary on al-Adab al-Mufrad, Page: 180
