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الادب المفرد
Adab al-Mufrad
كتابBook of Good Treatment of Servants
بَابُ بَيْعِ الْخَادِمِ مِنَ الأعْرَابِChapter: Selling a Servant to the Bedouins
Hadith 162
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا دَبَّرَتْ أَمَةً لَهَا، فَاشْتَكَتْ عَائِشَةُ، فَسَأَلَ بَنُو أَخِيهَا طَبِيبًا مِنَ الزُّطِّ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّكُمْ تُخْبِرُونِي عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ مَسْحُورَةٍ، سَحَرَتْهَا أَمَةٌ لَهَا، فَأُخْبِرَتْ عَائِشَةُ، قَالَتْ: سَحَرْتِينِي؟ فَقَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَتْ: وَلِمَ؟ لاَ تَنْجَيْنَ أَبَدًا، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: بِيعُوهَا مِنْ شَرِّ الْعَرَبِ مَلَكَةً.
It is narrated from Sayyida Umrah Ansariyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) that Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) set one of her slave girls free as a mudabbirah. Later, Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) fell ill, so her nephews consulted a non-Arab physician about her condition. He said, "The woman you are talking about is under a spell; her slave girl has done magic on her." When Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) was informed, she asked the slave girl, "Have you done magic on me?" She replied, "Yes!" Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) asked, "Why did you do this? Now you will never be freed from slavery." Then she said, "Sell her to that Arab tribe whose treatment of slaves is the worst."
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Usman Muneeb
Benefits and Issues:
➊ Kind treatment of male and female slaves is commanded, but if they are of bad character and evil, then they may be sold to someone about whom it is known that he treats slaves badly. Likewise, it is permissible to take retribution for one's own sake, as was done by Sayyidah Aisha radi Allahu anha.
➋ In Al-Mustadrak al-Hakim (4/220), it is mentioned that Sayyidah Aisha radi Allahu anha said: "Sell her and with her price, buy a slave and set him free."
➌ Mudabbir: This refers to a male or female slave to whom it is said, "You are free after my death." This slave woman practiced magic so that Sayyidah Aisha radi Allahu anha would die soon and she would become free.
➍ Magic can affect even a pious and righteous person; therefore, one must be diligent in reciting the prescribed morning and evening supplications, especially the Mu'awwidhatayn.
➎ This does not establish the permissibility of going to a soothsayer, because the physician deduced from the symptoms, as is explicitly mentioned in Musnad Ahmad (6/40), that the physician said: "The symptoms you are describing to me are those of a woman afflicted by magic." Then Sayyidah Aisha radi Allahu anha did not consider his statement sufficient until the slave woman herself confessed.
➊ Kind treatment of male and female slaves is commanded, but if they are of bad character and evil, then they may be sold to someone about whom it is known that he treats slaves badly. Likewise, it is permissible to take retribution for one's own sake, as was done by Sayyidah Aisha radi Allahu anha.
➋ In Al-Mustadrak al-Hakim (4/220), it is mentioned that Sayyidah Aisha radi Allahu anha said: "Sell her and with her price, buy a slave and set him free."
➌ Mudabbir: This refers to a male or female slave to whom it is said, "You are free after my death." This slave woman practiced magic so that Sayyidah Aisha radi Allahu anha would die soon and she would become free.
➍ Magic can affect even a pious and righteous person; therefore, one must be diligent in reciting the prescribed morning and evening supplications, especially the Mu'awwidhatayn.
➎ This does not establish the permissibility of going to a soothsayer, because the physician deduced from the symptoms, as is explicitly mentioned in Musnad Ahmad (6/40), that the physician said: "The symptoms you are describing to me are those of a woman afflicted by magic." Then Sayyidah Aisha radi Allahu anha did not consider his statement sufficient until the slave woman herself confessed.
Source: Fadlullah al-Ahad: Urdu Commentary on al-Adab al-Mufrad, Page: 162
