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الادب المفرد
Adab al-Mufrad
كتاب الجارBook of the Neighbor
بَابُ يُكْثِرُ مَاءَ الْمَرَقِ فَيَقْسِمُ فِي الْجِيرَانِChapter: Increasing the Broth and Sharing with Neighbors
Hadith 113
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ الْجَوْنِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالَ: أَوْصَانِي خَلِيلِي صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِثَلاَثٍ: ”أَسْمَعُ وَأُطِيعُ وَلَوْ لِعَبْدٍ مُجَدَّعِ الأَطْرَافِ، وَإِذَا صَنَعْتَ مَرَقَةً فَأَكْثِرْ مَاءَهَا، ثُمَّ انْظُرْ أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ مِنْ جِيرَانِكَ، فَأَصِبْهُمْ مِنْهُ بِمَعْرُوفٍ، وَصَلِّ الصَّلاَةَ لِوَقْتِهَا، فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَ الإِمَامَ قَدْ صَلَّى، فَقَدْ أَحْرَزْتَ صَلاَتَكَ، وَإِلاَّ فَهِيَ نَافِلَةٌ.“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) that my beloved friend (the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him) advised me regarding three things: “Listen to and obey (the leader), even if he is a slave with mutilated ears. (And he said:) When you make broth, add more water to it, then look at the (poor) houses of your neighbors and send some of that broth to them according to custom. And perform the prayer at its appointed time. And if you (having prayed at home or elsewhere) come to the mosque and find that the Imam has already performed the prayer, then your (prayer already performed) is preserved for you; otherwise (if he is still praying, then pray with him) your (second) prayer will be considered voluntary (nafl).”
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Usman Muneeb
Benefits and Issues:
➊ “My Khalil sallallahu alayhi wa sallam”: Khalil refers to that companion whose friendship and love become deeply rooted in the heart. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam made Allah, the Exalted, his Khalil; however, the Companions of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam made him their Khalil. This is the highest degree of love.
➋ “He advised”: that I should pay special attention to these three matters and not be negligent in them, because negligence in these leads to the disturbance of peace in both religion and worldly life. If there is no obedience to the leader, chaos will spread in the country; if neighbors are not cared for, society will fall prey to selfishness and self-interest; and if prayer is not preserved, the Hereafter will be ruined.
➌ After pledging allegiance to the legitimate (shar‘i) leader and ruler, obedience to him is obligatory as long as he does not commit clear disbelief. And if, in his presence, another person claims leadership, he is liable to be killed. However, the leaders of religious organizations do not have the same status as the ruler, and if someone does not join such an organization, he will not be considered as having abandoned an obligation. Similarly, if he wishes to leave an organization, there is no sin upon him. However, if someone is working under a system, he must adhere to its discipline. Sayyiduna Abu Dharr radi Allahu anhu is counted among the knowledgeable and ascetic Companions. Despite his disagreement with the majority of the Companions regarding the accumulation of wealth, he remained steadfast in his allegiance to Sayyiduna Uthman radi Allahu anhu until his last breath and passed away in Rabadhah.
➍ The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam gave Abu Dharr radi Allahu anhu the second advice regarding neighbors: to the best of one’s ability, treat neighbors well and give them gifts, etc. The Prophet also indicated a way to maintain relations with neighbors: if a person prepares an exceptional meal beyond the usual, he should certainly give some to his neighbors, and while cooking, he should keep in mind that he has to give to his neighbors as well. Imam Qurtubi rahimahullah states that this is among the noble traits of character and is recommended (mustahabb), not obligatory (fard), because not everyone is able to do so. (Sharh Sahih al-Adab al-Mufrad)
➎ The third advice concerns prayer (salah). Prayer is that important obligation which is performed five times every day. Each prayer has a fixed time, and it should be performed within that prescribed time. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam gave Abu Dharr radi Allahu anhu the same instruction: perform the prayer at its appointed time. If you have performed the prayer at home or elsewhere within its time, and then you happen to go to the mosque and the imam is leading the prayer, then pray behind him as well, so that discord does not arise and onlookers do not get into the debate of why you did not pray, nor should ill thoughts be generated. Your second prayer will be considered voluntary (nafl), and the first one you performed will remain your obligatory (fard) prayer. However, if the congregation has already finished, then there is no need to repeat the prayer.
This issue is disputed: if the obligatory prayer has been performed once, can it be repeated or not? The preferred opinion is that the obligatory prayer can be repeated, and doing so is permissible for all obligatory prayers. In this case, the first prayer will be considered obligatory, and the second will be voluntary. (For further details, see: Fadl Allah al-Samad fi Tawdhih al-Adab al-Mufrad: 1/180, 182. There is an excellent discussion on this topic. People of knowledge should refer to it.)
➊ “My Khalil sallallahu alayhi wa sallam”: Khalil refers to that companion whose friendship and love become deeply rooted in the heart. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam made Allah, the Exalted, his Khalil; however, the Companions of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam made him their Khalil. This is the highest degree of love.
➋ “He advised”: that I should pay special attention to these three matters and not be negligent in them, because negligence in these leads to the disturbance of peace in both religion and worldly life. If there is no obedience to the leader, chaos will spread in the country; if neighbors are not cared for, society will fall prey to selfishness and self-interest; and if prayer is not preserved, the Hereafter will be ruined.
➌ After pledging allegiance to the legitimate (shar‘i) leader and ruler, obedience to him is obligatory as long as he does not commit clear disbelief. And if, in his presence, another person claims leadership, he is liable to be killed. However, the leaders of religious organizations do not have the same status as the ruler, and if someone does not join such an organization, he will not be considered as having abandoned an obligation. Similarly, if he wishes to leave an organization, there is no sin upon him. However, if someone is working under a system, he must adhere to its discipline. Sayyiduna Abu Dharr radi Allahu anhu is counted among the knowledgeable and ascetic Companions. Despite his disagreement with the majority of the Companions regarding the accumulation of wealth, he remained steadfast in his allegiance to Sayyiduna Uthman radi Allahu anhu until his last breath and passed away in Rabadhah.
➍ The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam gave Abu Dharr radi Allahu anhu the second advice regarding neighbors: to the best of one’s ability, treat neighbors well and give them gifts, etc. The Prophet also indicated a way to maintain relations with neighbors: if a person prepares an exceptional meal beyond the usual, he should certainly give some to his neighbors, and while cooking, he should keep in mind that he has to give to his neighbors as well. Imam Qurtubi rahimahullah states that this is among the noble traits of character and is recommended (mustahabb), not obligatory (fard), because not everyone is able to do so. (Sharh Sahih al-Adab al-Mufrad)
➎ The third advice concerns prayer (salah). Prayer is that important obligation which is performed five times every day. Each prayer has a fixed time, and it should be performed within that prescribed time. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam gave Abu Dharr radi Allahu anhu the same instruction: perform the prayer at its appointed time. If you have performed the prayer at home or elsewhere within its time, and then you happen to go to the mosque and the imam is leading the prayer, then pray behind him as well, so that discord does not arise and onlookers do not get into the debate of why you did not pray, nor should ill thoughts be generated. Your second prayer will be considered voluntary (nafl), and the first one you performed will remain your obligatory (fard) prayer. However, if the congregation has already finished, then there is no need to repeat the prayer.
This issue is disputed: if the obligatory prayer has been performed once, can it be repeated or not? The preferred opinion is that the obligatory prayer can be repeated, and doing so is permissible for all obligatory prayers. In this case, the first prayer will be considered obligatory, and the second will be voluntary. (For further details, see: Fadl Allah al-Samad fi Tawdhih al-Adab al-Mufrad: 1/180, 182. There is an excellent discussion on this topic. People of knowledge should refer to it.)
Source: Fadlullah al-Ahad: Urdu Commentary on al-Adab al-Mufrad, Page: 113
