سنن ابي داود
Sunan Abi Dawud
كتاب السنة
Model Behavior of the Prophet (Kitab Al-Sunnah)
باب فِي الْقَدَرِ
Chapter: Belief In Divine Decree.
Hadith 4691
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيل ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي بِمِنًى ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " الْقَدَرِيَّةُ مَجُوسُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ إِنْ مَرِضُوا فَلَا تَعُودُوهُمْ وَإِنْ مَاتُوا فَلَا تَشْهَدُوهُمْ " .
Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar: The Prophet ﷺ said: The Qadariyyah are the Magians of this community. If they are ill, do not pay a sick visit to them, and if they die, do not attend their funerals.
Hadith 4692
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ مَوْلَى غُفْرَةَ ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ مَجُوسٌ ، وَمَجُوسُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ لَا قَدَرَ ، مَنْ مَاتَ مِنْهُمْ فَلَا تَشْهَدُوا جَنَازَتَهُ ، وَمَنْ مَرِضَ مِنْهُمْ فَلَا تَعُودُوهُمْ وَهُمْ شِيعَةُ الدَّجَّالِ وَحَقٌّ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُلْحِقَهُمْ بِالدَّجَّالِ " .
Hudhaifah reported the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: Every people have Magians, and the Magians of this community are those who declare that there is no destination by Allah. If any one of them dies, do not attend his funeral, and if any one of them is ill, do not pay a sick visit to him. They are the partisans of the Antichrist (Dajjal), and Allah will surely join with the Antichrist.
Hadith 4693
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ ، أَنَّ يَزِيدَ بْنَ زُرَيْعٍ ، وَيَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَاهُمْ ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا عَوْفٌ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا قَسَامَةُ بْنُ زُهَيْرٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ آدَمَ مِنْ قَبْضَةٍ قَبَضَهَا مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْأَرْضِ ، فَجَاءَ بَنُو آدَمَ عَلَى قَدْرِ الْأَرْضِ جَاءَ مِنْهُمُ الْأَحْمَرُ ، وَالْأَبْيَضُ ، وَالْأَسْوَدُ وَبَيْنَ ذَلِكَ وَالسَّهْلُ ، وَالْحَزْنُ ، وَالْخَبِيثُ ، وَالطَّيِّبُ " ، زَادَ فِي حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى وَبَيْنَ ذَلِكَ وَالْإِخْبَارُ فِي حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ .
Abu Musa al-Ash’ari reported the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: Allah created Adam from a handful which he took from the whole of the earth ; so the children of Adam are in accordance with the earth: some red, some white, some black, some a mixture, also smooth and rough, bad and good.
Hadith 4694
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدُ بْنُ مُسَرْهَدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعْتَمِرُ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ مَنْصُورَ بْنَ الْمُعْتَمِرِ يُحَدِّثُ ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رضي الله عنه ، قَالَ : " كُنَّا فِي جَنَازَةٍ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِبَقِيعِ الْغَرْقَدِ ، فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَجَلَسَ وَمَعَهُ مِخْصَرَةٌ فَجَعَلَ يَنْكُتُ بِالْمِخْصَرَةِ فِي الْأَرْضِ ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ ، فَقَالَ : مَا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ مَا مِنْ نَفْسٍ مَنْفُوسَةٍ إِلَّا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ مَكَانَهَا مِنَ النَّارِ أَوْ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ ، إِلَّا قَدْ كُتِبَتْ شَقِيَّةً أَوْ سَعِيدَةً ، قَالَ : فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ : يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ أَفَلَا نَمْكُثُ عَلَى كِتَابِنَا وَنَدَعُ الْعَمَلَ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّعَادَةِ لَيَكُونَنَّ إِلَى السَّعَادَةِ ، وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشِّقْوَةِ لَيَكُونَنَّ إِلَى الشِّقْوَةِ ، قَالَ : اعْمَلُوا فَكُلٌّ مُيَسَّرٌ أَمَّا أَهْلُ السَّعَادَةِ فَيُيَسَّرُونَ لِلسَّعَادَةِ ، وَأَمَّا أَهْلُ الشِّقْوَةِ فَيُيَسَّرُونَ لِلشِّقْوَةِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ : فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى وَاتَّقَى { 5 } وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَى { 6 } فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَى { 7 } وَأَمَّا مَنْ بَخِلَ وَاسْتَغْنَى { 8 } وَكَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنَى { 9 } فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَى { 10 } سورة الليل آية 5-10 " .
Ali said: We attended a funeral at Baql’ al-Gharqad which was also attended by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and sat down. He had a stick (in his hand) by which he began to scratch up the ground. He then raised his head and said: The place which every one of you and every soul of you will occupy in Hell or in Paradise has been recorded, and destined wicked or blesses. A man from among the people asked: Prophet of Allah! Should we not then trust simply in what has been recorded for us and abandon (doing good) deeds? Those who are among the number of the blessed will be inclined to blessing, and those of us who are among the number of the wicked will be inclined to wickedness. He replied: Go on doing good actions, for everyone is helped to do that for which he was created. Those who are among the number of wicked will be helped to do wicked deeds. The Prophet of Allah ﷺ then recited: “So he who gives (in charity) and fears (Allah), and in all sincerity testifies to the best, we will indeed make smooth for him the path to bliss. But he who is a greedy miser and thinks himself self-sufficient, and gives the lie to the best, We will indeed make smooth for him the path of misery. ”
Hadith 4695
حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا كَهْمَسٌ ، عَنْ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمَرَ ، قَالَ : كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِي الْقَدَرِ بِالْبَصْرَةِ مَعْبَدٌ الْجُهَنِيُّ ، فَانْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا ، وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ حَاجَّيْنِ أَوْ مُعْتَمِرَيْنِ ، فَقُلْنَا : لَوْ لَقِينَا أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَمَّا يَقُولُ هَؤُلَاءِ فِي الْقَدَرِ فَوَفَّقَ اللَّهُ لَنَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ دَاخِلًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَاكْتَنَفْتُهُ أَنَا وَصَاحِبِي ، فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ صَاحِبِي سَيَكِلُ الْكَلَامَ إِلَيَّ فَقُلْتُ : أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنَّهُ قَدْ ظَهَرَ قِبَلَنَا نَاسٌ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ وَيَتَفَقَّرُونَ الْعِلْمَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لَا قَدَرَ وَالْأَمْرَ أُنُفٌ ، فَقَالَ : إِذَا لَقِيتَ أُولَئِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْهُمْ وَهُمْ بُرَآءُ مِنِّي وَالَّذِي يَحْلِفُ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ لَوْ أَنَّ لِأَحَدِهِمْ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا ، فَأَنْفَقَهُ مَا قَبِلَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ، قَالَ : بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ ، شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعْرِ لَا يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ ، وَلَا نَعْرِفُهُ حَتَّى جَلَسَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَوَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ وَقَالَ : يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " الْإِسْلَامُ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ، وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ ، وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ ، وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ ، وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا ، قَالَ : صَدَقْتَ ، قَالَ : فَعَجِبْنَا لَهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ ، قَالَ : فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْإِيمَانِ ، قَالَ : أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ ، وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ ، وَكُتُبِهِ ، وَرُسُلِهِ ، وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ، وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ ، قَالَ : صَدَقْتَ ، قَالَ : فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْإِحْسَانِ ، قَالَ : أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ ، فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ ، قَالَ : فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ السَّاعَةِ ، قَالَ : مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ ، قَالَ : فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَمَارَاتِهَا ، قَالَ : أَنْ تَلِدَ الْأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا ، وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ ، قَالَ : ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ فَلَبِثْتُ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ قَالَ : يَا عُمَرُ هَلْ تَدْرِي مَنِ السَّائِلُ ؟ قُلْتُ : اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ ، قَالَ : فَإِنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ " .
Yahya bin Yamur said: The first to speak on Divine decree in al-Basrah was MAbad al Juhani. I and Humaid bin Abdur-Rahman al-Himyari proceeded to perform HAJJ or UmrAH. We said: would that we meet any of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so that we could ask him about what they say with regard to divine decree. So Allah helped us to meet Abdullah bin Umar who was entering the mosque. So I and my companion surrounded him, and I thought that my companion would entrust me the task of speaking to him. Then I said: Abu Abdur-Rahman, there appeared on our side some people who recite the Quran and are engaged in the hair-splitting of knowledge. They conceive that there is no Divine decree and everything happens freely without predestination. He said: When you meet those people, tell them that I am free from them, and they are free from me. By Him by Whom swears Abdullah bin Umar, if one of them has gold equivalent to Uhud and he spends it, Allah will not accept it from him until he believes in Divine decree. He then said: Umar bin Khattab transmitted to me a tradition, saying: One day when we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a man with very white clothing and very black hair came up to us. No mark of travel was visible on him, and we did not recognize him. Sitting down beside the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, leaning his knees against his and placing his hands on his thighs, he said: tell me, Muhammad, about Islam. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Islam means that you should testify that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is Allah’s Messenger, that you should observe prayer, pay ZAKAT, fast during RAMADAN, and perform Hajj to the house (i. e., KABAH), If you have the meant to go. He said: You have spoken the truth. We were surprised at his questioning him and then declaring that he spoke the truth. He said: now tell me about faith. He replied: It means that you should believe in Allah, his angels, his Books, his Messengers and the last day, and that you should believe in the decreeing both of good and evil. He said: you have spoken the truth. He said: now tell me about doing good (ihsan). He replied: it means that you should worship Allah as though you are seeing him; if you are not seeing him, he is seeing you. He said: Now tell me about the hour. He replied: The one who is asked about it is no better informed than the one who is asking. He said: Then tell me about its signs. He replied: That a maidservant should beget her mistress, and that you should see barefooted, naked, poor men and shepherds exalting themselves in buildings. Umar said: He then went away, and I waited for three days, then he said: Do you know who the questioner was, Umar? I replied: Allah and his Messenger know best. He said: He was Gabriel who came to you to teach you your religion.
Hadith 4696
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بُرَيْدَةَ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمَرَ ، وَحُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، قَالَا : لَقِيَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ فَذَكَرْنَا لَهُ الْقَدَرَ وَمَا يَقُولُونَ فِيهِ فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ زَادَ ، قَالَ : وَسَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ مُزَيْنَةَ أَوْ جُهَيْنَةَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فِيمَا نَعْمَلُ أَفِي شَيْءٍ قَدْ خَلَا أَوْ مَضَى أَوْ فِي شَيْءٍ يُسْتَأْنَفُ الْآنَ ؟ قَالَ : فِي شَيْءٍ قَدْ خَلَا ، وَمَضَى ، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ أَوْ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ : فَفِيمَ الْعَمَلُ ؟ قَالَ : إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ يُيَسَّرُونَ لِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ ، وَإِنَّ أَهْلَ النَّارِ يُيَسَّرُونَ لِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ .
The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Yahya bin Yamur and Humaid bin Abdur-Rahman through a different chain of narrators. This version has: we met Abdullah bin Umar. We told him about divine decree and what they said about it. He then mentioned something similar to it. He added: A man of Muzainah or juhainah asked: What is the good in doing anything, Messenger of Allah ? should we think that a thing has passed and gone or a thing that has happened now (without predestination)? He replied: About a thing that has passed and gone (i. e. predestined). A man or some people asked: Then, why action? He replied: Those who are among the number of those who go to Paradise will be helped to do the deeds of the people who will go to Paradise, and those who are among the number of those who go to Hell will be helped to do the deeds of those who will go to Hell.
Hadith 4697
حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ مَرْثَدٍ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ ، عَنْ ابْنِ يَعْمَرَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ يَزِيدُ وَيَنْقُصُ ، قَالَ : فَمَا الْإِسْلَامُ ؟ قَالَ : إِقَامُ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ وَحَجُّ الْبَيْتِ وَصَوْمُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَالِاغْتِسَالُ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ ، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد : عَلْقَمَةُ مُرْجِئٌ .
The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Ibn Yamur, with additions and omissions, through a different chain of narrators. This version adds; He asked: What is Islam? He replied: It means saying prayer, payment of zakat, performing HAJJ, fasting during RAMADAN, and taking a bath on account of sexual defilement. Abu Dawud said: Alqamah was a Murji'i.
Hadith 4698
حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ ، عَنْ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي زُرْعَةَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ جَرِيرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ ، قَالَا : " كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَجْلِسُ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيْ أَصْحَابِهِ ، فَيَجِيءُ الْغَرِيبُ ، فَلَا يَدْرِي أَيُّهُمْ هُوَ حَتَّى يَسْأَلَ ، فَطَلَبْنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ نَجْعَلَ لَهُ مَجْلِسًا يَعْرِفُهُ الْغَرِيبُ إِذَا أَتَاهُ ، قَالَ : فَبَنَيْنَا لَهُ دُكَّانًا مِنْ طِينٍ ، فَجَلَسَ عَلَيْهِ وَكُنَّا نَجْلِسُ بِجَنْبَتَيْهِ ، وَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ هَذَا الْخَبَرِ فَأَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ فَذَكَرَ هَيْئَتَهُ حَتَّى سَلَّمَ مِنْ طَرَفِ السِّمَاطِ ، فَقَالَ : السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ ، قَالَ : فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " .
Narrated Abu Dharr and Abu Hurairah: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to sit among his Companions. A stranger would come and not recognize him (the Prophet) until he asked (about him). So we asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to make a place where he might take his seat so that when a stranger came, he might recognise him. So we built a terrace of soil on which he would take his seat, and we would sit beside him. He then mentioned something similar to this Hadith saying: A man came, and he described his appearance. He saluted from the side of the assembly, saying: Peace be upon you, Muhammad. The Prophet ﷺ then responded to him.
Hadith 4699
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ أَبِي سِنَانٍ ، عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْحِمْصِيِّ ، عَنْ ابْنِ الدَّيْلَمِيِّ ، قَالَ : " أَتَيْتُ أُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ : وَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِي شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْقَدَرِ فَحَدِّثْنِي بِشَيْءٍ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُذْهِبَهُ مِنْ قَلْبِي ، قَالَ : لَوْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَذَّبَ أَهْلَ سَمَاوَاتِهِ وَأَهْلَ أَرْضِهِ عَذَّبَهُمْ وَهُوَ غَيْرُ ظَالِمٍ لَهُمْ ، وَلَوْ رَحِمَهُمْ كَانَتْ رَحْمَتُهُ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ مِنْ أَعْمَالِهِمْ وَلَوْ أَنْفَقْتَ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ مَا قَبِلَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْكَ حَتَّى تُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ ، وَتَعْلَمَ أَنَّ مَا أَصَابَكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُخْطِئَكَ ، وَأَنَّ مَا أَخْطَأَكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُصِيبَكَ ، وَلَوْ مُتَّ عَلَى غَيْرِ هَذَا لَدَخَلْتَ النَّارَ ، قَالَ : ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ ، فَقَالَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ ، قَالَ : ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنَ الْيَمَانِ ، فَقَالَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ ، قَال : ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ فَحَدَّثَنِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ " .
Ibn al-Dailami said: I went to Ubayy bin Kaab and said him: I am confused about Divine decree, so tell me something by means of which Allah may remove the confusion from my mind. He replied: were Allah to punish everyone in the heavens and in the earth. He would do so without being unjust to them, and were he to show mercy to them his mercy would be much better than their actions merited. Were you to spend in support of Allah’s cause an amount of gold equivalent to Uhud, Allah would not accept it from you till you believed in divine decree and knew that what has come to you could not miss you and that what has missed you could not come to you. Were you to die believing anything else you would enter Hell. He said: I then went to Abdullah bin Masud and he said something to the same effect. I next went to Hudhaifah bin al-Yaman and he said something to the same effect. I next went to Zaid bin Thabit who told me something from the Prophet ﷺ to the same effect.
Hadith 4700
حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُسَافِرٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْلَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي حَفْصَةَ ، قَالَ : قَالَ عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ لِابْنِهِ : يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَجِدَ طَعْمَ حَقِيقَةِ الْإِيمَانِ حَتَّى تَعْلَمَ أَنَّ مَا أَصَابَكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُخْطِئَكَ ، وَمَا أَخْطَأَكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُصِيبَكَ ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ الْقَلَمَ فَقَالَ لَهُ : اكْتُبْ قَالَ : رَبِّ وَمَاذَا أَكْتُبُ ؟ قَالَ : اكْتُبْ مَقَادِيرَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ ، يَا بُنَيَّ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : مَنْ مَاتَ عَلَى غَيْرِ هَذَا فَلَيْسَ مِنِّي " .
Ubadah bin al Samit said to his son: Sonny! You will not get the taste of the reality of faith until you know that what has come to you could not miss you, and that what has missed you could not come to you. I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: The first thing Allah created was pen. He said to it: Write. It asked: What should I write, my lord? He said: Write what was decreed about everything till the Last hour comes. Sonny! I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: He who dies on something other than this does not does not belong to me.
Hadith 4701
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ . ح وحَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ الْمَعْنَى ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، سَمِعَ طَاوُسًا ، يَقُولُ : سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ، يُخْبِرُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " احْتَجَّ آدَمُ ، وَمُوسَى ، فَقَالَ مُوسَى : يَا آدَمُ أَنْتَ أَبُونَا خَيَّبْتَنَا وَأَخْرَجْتَنَا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ ، فَقَالَ آدَمُ : أَنْتَ مُوسَى اصْطَفَاكَ اللَّهُ بِكَلَامِهِ ، وَخَطَّ لَكَ التَّوْرَاةَ بِيَدِهِ تَلُومُنِي عَلَى أَمْرٍ قَدَّرَهُ عَلَيَّ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَنِي بِأَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً ، فَحَجَّ آدَمُ ، مُوسَى " ، قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ : عَنْ عَمْرٍو ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ ، سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ .
Abu Hurairah reported the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: Adam and Moses held a disputation. Moses said: Adam you are our father. You deprived us and caused us to come out from Paradise. Adam said: You are Moses Allah chose you for his speech and wrote the Torah for you with his hand. Do you blame me for doing a deed which Allah had decreed that I should do forty year before he created me? So Adam got the better of Moses in argument. Ahmad bin Salih said from Amr from Tawus who heard Abu Hurairah.
Hadith 4702
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ مُوسَى قَالَ : يَا رَبِّ أَرِنَا آدَمَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَنَا وَنَفْسَهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ ، فَأَرَاهُ اللَّهُ آدَمَ ، فَقَالَ : أَنْتَ أَبُونَا آدَمُ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ آدَمُ : نَعَمْ ، قَالَ : أَنْتَ الَّذِي نَفَخَ اللَّهُ فِيكَ مِنْ رُوحِهِ وَعَلَّمَكَ الْأَسْمَاءَ كُلَّهَا ، وَأَمَرَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ فَسَجَدُوا لَكَ ، قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، قَالَ : فَمَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى أَنْ أَخْرَجْتَنَا وَنَفْسَكَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ آدَمُ : وَمَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ : أَنَا مُوسَى ، قَالَ : أَنْتَ نَبِيُّ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الَّذِي كَلَّمَكَ اللَّهُ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْحِجَابِ ، لَمْ يَجْعَلْ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ رَسُولًا مِنْ خَلْقِهِ ، قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، قَالَ : أَفَمَا وَجَدْتَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ أُخْلَقَ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، قَالَ : فِيمَ تَلُومُنِي فِي شَيْءٍ سَبَقَ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فِيهِ الْقَضَاءُ قَبْلِي ؟ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ فَحَجَّ آدَمُ ، مُوسَى ، فَحَجَّ آدَمُ ، مُوسَى " .
Umar bin al-Khattab reported the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: Moses said: My lord, show us Adam who caused us and himself to come out from Paradise. So Allah showed him Adam. He asked: Are you our father, Adam? Adam said to him: Yes. He said: Are you the one into whom Allah breathed of his spirit, taught you all the names, and commanded angels (to prostrate) and they prostrated to you? He replied: Yes. He asked: Then what moved you to cause us and yourself to come out from paradise? Adam asked him: And who are you? He said: Yes. He asked: Did you not find that was decreed in the book (records) of Allah before I was created? He replied: Yes. He asked: Then why do you blame me about a thing for which Divine decree had already passed before me ? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: So Adam got the better of Moses in argument ﷺ.
Hadith 4703
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أُنَيْسَةَ ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْحَمِيدِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَخْبَرَهُ ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ سُئِلَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ وَإِذْ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ سورة الأعراف آية 172 قَالَ : قَرَأَ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ الْآيَةَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سُئِلَ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ خَلَقَ آدَمَ ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ ظَهْرَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ ، فَاسْتَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ ذُرِّيَّةً ، فَقَالَ : خَلَقْتُ هَؤُلَاءِ لِلْجَنَّةِ وَبِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ يَعْمَلُونَ ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ ظَهْرَهُ فَاسْتَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ ذُرِّيَّةً ، فَقَالَ خَلَقْتُ هَؤُلَاءِ لِلنَّارِ ، وَبِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ يَعْمَلُونَ ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَفِيمَ الْعَمَلُ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِذَا خَلَقَ الْعَبْدَ لِلْجَنَّةِ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ عَلَى عَمَلٍ مِنْ أَعْمَالِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ ، فَيُدْخِلَهُ بِهِ الْجَنَّةَ ، وَإِذَا خَلَقَ الْعَبْدَ لِلنَّارِ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ عَلَى عَمَلٍ مِنْ أَعْمَالِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ ، فَيُدْخِلَهُ بِهِ النَّارَ " .
Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: Muslim ibn Yasar al-Juhani said: When Umar ibn al-Khattab was asked about the verse "When your Lord took their offspring from the backs of the children of Adam" - al-Qa'nabi recited the verse--he said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say when he was questioned about it: Allah created Adam, then passed His right hand over his back, and brought forth from it his offspring, saying: I have these for Paradise and these will do the deeds of those who go to Paradise. He then passed His hand over his back and brought forth from it his offspring, saying: I have created these for Hell, and they will do the deeds of those who go to Hell. A man asked: What is the good of doing anything, Messenger of Allah? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: When Allah creates a servant for Paradise, He employs him in doing the deeds of those who will go to Paradise, so that his final action before death is one of the deeds of those who go to Paradise, for which He will bring him into Paradise. But when He creates a servant for Hell, He employs him in doing the deeds of those who will go to Hell, so that his final action before death is one of the deeds of those who go to Hell, for which He will bring him into Hell.
Hadith 4704
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُصَفَّى ، حَدَّثَنَا بَقِيَّةُ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ جُعْثُمٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي زَيْدُ بْنُ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، عَنْ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ ، قَالَ : كُنْتُ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَحَدِيثُ مَالِكٍ أَتَمُّ .
Nuaim bin Rablah said: I was with Umar bin al-Khattab when he transmitted this tradition. The tradition of Malik is more perfect.
Hadith 4705
حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعْتَمِرُ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ رَقَبَةَ بْنِ مَصْقَلَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاق ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " الْغُلَامُ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ الْخَضِرُ طُبِعَ كَافِرًا ، وَلَوْ عَاشَ لَأَرْهَقَ أَبَوَيْهِ طُغْيَانًا وَكُفْرًا " .
Ubayy bin Kaab said: The boy whom al-Khidr had killed was created an infidel. Had he lived, he would have moved his parents to rebellion and unbelief.
Hadith 4706
حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاق ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، يَقُولُ : " فِي قَوْلِهِ وَأَمَّا الْغُلامُ فَكَانَ أَبَوَاهُ مُؤْمِنَيْنِ سورة الكهف آية 80 وَكَانَ طُبِعَ يَوْمَ طُبِعَ كَافِرًا " .
Ubayy bin Kaab said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ explaining the verse “As for the youth his parents were people of Faith, ” he was created infidel the day when he was created.
Hadith 4707
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ الرَّازِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " أَبْصَرَ الْخَضِرُ غُلَامًا يَلْعَبُ مَعَ الصِّبْيَانِ فَتَنَاوَلَ رَأْسَهُ فَقَلَعَهُ ، فَقَالَ مُوسَى : أَقَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا زَكِيَّةً سورة الكهف آية 74 " .
Ibn Abbas said: Ubayy bin Kaab told me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Al-khidr saw a youth playing with boys. He took him by his head and uprooted it. Moses then said: Hast thou slain an innocent person who had slain none.
Hadith 4708
حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ النَّمَرِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ . ح وحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ الْمَعْنَى وَاحِدٌ وَالْإِخْبَارُ فِي حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنْ الْأَعْمَشِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ الصَّادِقُ الْمَصْدُوقُ " إِنَّ خَلْقَ أَحَدِكُمْ يُجْمَعُ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا ، ثُمَّ يَكُونُ عَلَقَةً مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ ، ثُمَّ يَكُونُ مُضْغَةً مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ ، ثُمَّ يُبْعَثُ إِلَيْهِ مَلَكٌ فَيُؤْمَرُ بِأَرْبَعِ كَلِمَاتٍ فَيُكْتَبُ رِزْقُهُ ، وَأَجَلُهُ ، وَعَمَلُهُ ، ثُمَّ يُكْتَبُ شَقِيٌّ أَوْ سَعِيدٌ ، ثُمَّ يُنْفَخُ فِيهِ الرُّوحُ ، فَإِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى مَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا إِلَّا ذِرَاعٌ أَوْ قِيدُ ذِرَاعٍ فَيَسْبِقُ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابُ ، فَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فَيَدْخُلُهَا وَإِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ حَتَّى مَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا إِلَّا ذِرَاعٌ أَوْ قِيدُ ذِرَاعٍ فَيَسْبِقُ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابُ ، فَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَيَدْخُلُهَا " .
Abdullah bin Masud said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ who spoke the truth and whose word was belief told us the following: The constituents of one of you are collected for forty days in his mother’s womb, then they become a piece of congealed blood for a similar period, then they become a lump of flesh for a similar period. Then Allah sends to him an angel with four words who records his provision the period of his life, his deeds, and whether he will be miserable or blessed ; thereafter he breathes the spirit into him. One of you will do the deeds of those who go to Paradise so that there will be only a cubit between him and it or will be within a cubit, then what is decreed will overcome him so that he will do the deeds of those who go to Hell and will enter it; and one of you will do the deeds of those who go to hell, so that there will be only a cubit between him and it or will be within a cubit, then what is decreed will overcome him, so that he will do the deeds of those who go to Paradise and will enter it.
Hadith 4709
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ الرِّشْكِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا مُطَرِّفٌ ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ ، قَالَ : قِيلَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَعُلِمَ أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، قَالَ : فَفِيمَ يَعْمَلُ الْعَامِلُونَ ؟ قَالَ : كُلٌّ مُيَسَّرٌ لِمَا خُلِقَ لَهُ " .
Imran bin Husain said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked: Is it known who are those who will go to paradise and those who will go to hell? He said: Yes. He asked: Then what is the good of doing anything by those who act? He replied: Everyone is helped to do for which he has been created.
Hadith 4710
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِيُّ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ الْجُرَشِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " لَا تُجَالِسُوا أَهْلَ الْقَدَرِ وَلَا تُفَاتِحُوهُمْ " .
Umar reported the Prophet ﷺ was asked: Do not sit which those who believe in free will and do not address them before they address you.
