سنن ابي داود
Sunan Abi Dawud
كتاب الحدود
Prescribed Punishments (Kitab Al-Hudud)
باب الْحُكْمِ فِيمَنِ ارْتَدَّ
Chapter: Ruling on one who apostatizes.
Hadith 4351
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيل بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَيُّوبُ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام أَحْرَقَ نَاسًا ارْتَدُّوا عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ : لَمْ أَكُنْ لِأُحْرِقَهُمْ بِالنَّارِ ، إِنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " لَا تُعَذِّبُوا بِعَذَابِ اللَّهِ وَكُنْتُ قَاتِلَهُمْ بِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : مَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَلِيًّا عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام ، فَقَالَ : وَيْحَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ" .
Ikrimah said: Ali burned some people who retreated from islam. When Ibn Abbas was informed of it, he said: If it had been I, I would not have then burned, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Do not inflict Allah’s punishment on anyone, but would have had killed them on account of the statement of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger said: Kill those who change their religion. When ‘All was informed about it he said: How truly Ibn Abbas said!
Hadith 4352
حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْنٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَّا بِإِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ : الثَّيِّبُ الزَّانِي ، وَالنَّفْسُ بِالنَّفْسِ ، وَالتَّارِكُ لِدِينِهِ الْمُفَارِقُ لِلْجَمَاعَةِ " .
Abdullah (bin Masud) reported the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: The blood of a Muslim man who testifies that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah should not be lawfully shed but only for one of three reasons: married fornicator, soul for soul, and one who deserts his religion separating himself from the community.
Hadith 4353
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ الْبَاهِلِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا ، قَالَتْ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَّا بِإِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ : رَجُلٌ زَنَى بَعْدَ إِحْصَانٍ فَإِنَّهُ يُرْجَمُ ، وَرَجُلٌ خَرَجَ مُحَارِبًا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَإِنَّهُ يُقْتَلُ أَوْ يُصْلَبُ أَوْ يُنْفَى مِنَ الْأَرْضِ ، أَوْ يَقْتُلُ نَفْسًا فَيُقْتَلُ بِهَا " .
Narrated Aishah, Ummul Muminin: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ Said: The blood of a Muslim man who testifies that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is Allah's Messenger should not lawfully be shed except only for one of three reasons: a man who committed fornication after marriage, in which case he should be stoned; one who goes forth to fight with Allah and His Messenger, in which case he should be killed or crucified or exiled from the land; or one who commits murder for which he is killed.
Hadith 4354
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ ، وَمُسَدَّدٌ ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، قَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا قُرَّةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ هِلَالٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بُرْدَةَ ، قَالَ :قَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى : أَقْبَلْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَمَعِي رَجُلَانِ مِنَ الْأَشْعَرِيِّينَ ، أَحَدُهُمَا عَنْ يَمِينِي وَالْآخَرُ عَنْ يَسَارِي فَكِلَاهُمَا سَأَلَ الْعَمَلَ وَالنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَاكِتٌ فَقَالَ : " مَا تَقُولُ يَا أَبَا مُوسَى أَوْ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ قَيْسٍ ، قُلْتُ : وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ مَا أَطْلَعَانِي عَلَى مَا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمَا وَمَا شَعَرْتُ أَنَّهُمَا يَطْلُبَانِ الْعَمَلَ وَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى سِوَاكِهِ تَحْتَ شَفَتِهِ قَلَصَتْ ، قَالَ : لَنْ نَسْتَعْمِلَ أَوْ لَا نَسْتَعْمِلُ عَلَى عَمَلِنَا مَنْ أَرَادَهُ وَلَكِنْ اذْهَبْ أَنْتَ يَا أَبَا مُوسَى أَوْ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ قَيْسٍ فَبَعَثَهُ عَلَى الْيَمَنِ ثُمَّ أَتْبَعَهُ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ ، قَالَ : فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ مُعَاذٌ قَالَ : انْزِلْ وَأَلْقَى لَهُ وِسَادَةً وَإِذَا رَجُلٌ عِنْدَهُ مُوثَقٌ قَالَ : مَا هَذَا ؟ قَالَ : هَذَا كَانَ يَهُودِيًّا فَأَسْلَمَ ثُمَّ رَاجَعَ دِينَهُ دِينَ السُّوءِ ، قَالَ : لَا أَجْلِسُ حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ قَضَاءُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ، قَالَ : اجْلِسْ نَعَمْ ، قَالَ : لَا أَجْلِسُ حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ قَضَاءُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ ، فَقُتِلَ ثُمَّ تَذَاكَرَا قِيَامَ اللَّيْلِ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا : مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ أَمَّا أَنَا فَأَنَامُ وَأَقُومُ أَوْ أَقُومُ وَأَنَامُ وَأَرْجُو فِي نَوْمَتِي مَا أَرْجُو فِي قَوْمَتِي " .
Abu Burdah said on the authority of Abu Musa: I went to the Prophet ﷺ while two men who were Ash’ arIs were with me. One of them was on my right and the other on my left side. Bothe of them asked him for employment. The prophet ﷺ was silent. He asked: What do you say Abu Musa, or Abdullah bin Qais (Abu Musa’s name)? I replied: By him who has sent you with truth, they did not inform me of what they had in their hearts, and I did not know that they would ask for an employment. He said: I have the scene before my eyes that he had his toothstick below his lip which receded. He (the prophet) said: We will never or will not put in charge of our work anyone who asks for it. But go, ye, Abu Musa, or Abdullah bin Qais. He then sent him as a Governor of the Yemen, After him he sent Muadh bin Jabal. When Muadh came to him, he said: come down, and he put a cushion for him. He saw that a man was chained with him. He asked: What is this? He replied: He was a Jew and he accepted Islam. He then converted to his religion, an evil religion. He said: I will not sit until he is killed according to the decision of Allah and his Messenger ﷺ. He said: Yes, be seated. He said: I will not sit until he is killed according to the decision of Allah and his Messenger ﷺ. He said it three times. He then commanded for it and he was killed. Both of them then discussed the question of prayer and vigilance at night. One of them, probably Muadh, said: So far as I am concerned, I sleep and I keep vigilance: I keep vigilance and I sleep: I hope for the same reward for my sleep as for my vigilance.
Hadith 4355
حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحِمَّانِيُّ يَعْنِى عَبْدَ الْحَمِيدِ ابْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى ، وَبُرَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى ، قَالَ : " قَدِمَ عَلَيَّ مُعَاذٌ وَأَنَا بِالْيَمَنِ وَرَجُلٌ كَانَ يَهُودِيًّا ، فَأَسْلَمَ فَارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ مُعَاذٌ ، قَالَ : لَا أَنْزِلُ عَنْ دَابَّتِي حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ ، فَقُتِلَ قَالَ : أَحَدُهُمَا وَكَانَ قَدِ اسْتُتِيبَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ " .
Narrated Muadh ibn Jabal: Abu Musa said: Muadh came to me when I was in the Yemen. A man who was Jew embraced Islam and then retreated from Islam. When Muadh came, he said: I will not come down from my mount until he is killed. He was then killed. One of them said: He was asked to repent before that.
Hadith 4356
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّيْبَانِيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ بِهَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ ، قَالَ : فَأُتِيَ أَبُو مُوسَى بِرَجُلٍ قَدِ ارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، فَدَعَاهُ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً أَوْ قَرِيبًا مِنْهَا ، فَجَاءَ مُعَاذٌ فَدَعَاهُ فَأَبَى ، فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ ، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد : وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ 63 لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الِاسْتِتَابَةَ وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ فُضَيْلٍ ، عَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ الِاسْتِتَابَةَ .
Abu Burdah said: A man who turned back from Islam was brought to Abu Musa. He invited him to repent for twenty days or about so. Muadh then came and invited him (to embrace Islam) but he refused. So he was beheaded.
Hadith 4357
حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ مُعَاذٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمَسْعُودِيُّ ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بِهَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَ : فَلَمْ يَنْزِلْ حَتَّى ضُرِبَ عُنُقُهُ وَمَا اسْتَتَابَهُ .
The tradition mention above has also been transmitted by Abu Musa through a different chain if narrators. But there is no mention of demand of repentance.
Hadith 4358
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : "كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ يَكْتُبُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَزَلَّهُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَلَحِقَ بِالْكُفَّارِ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ ، فَاسْتَجَارَ لَهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ فَأَجَارَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " .
Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: Abdullah ibn Abu Sarh used to write (the revelation) for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Satan made him slip, and he joined the infidels. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded to kill him on the day of Conquest (of Makkah). Uthman ibn Affan sought protection for him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave him protection.
Hadith 4359
حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَسْبَاطُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ ، قَالَ زَعَمَ السُّدِّيُّ : عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ اخْتَبَأَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ عِنْدَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ ، فَجَاءَ بِهِ حَتَّى أَوْقَفَهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بَايِعْ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ ، فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا كُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَأْبَى ، فَبَايَعَهُ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ : " أَمَا كَانَ فِيكُمْ رَجُلٌ رَشِيدٌ يَقُومُ إِلَى هَذَا حَيْثُ رَآنِي كَفَفْتُ يَدِي عَنْ بَيْعَتِهِ فَيَقْتُلُهُ ، فَقَالُوا : مَا نَدْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا فِي نَفْسِكَ أَلَّا أَوْمَأْتَ إِلَيْنَا بِعَيْنِكَ ، قَالَ : إِنَّهُ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ تَكُونَ لَهُ خَائِنَةُ الْأَعْيُنِ " .
Narrated Saad ibn Abu Waqqas: On the day of the conquest of Makkah, Abdullah ibn Saad ibn Abu Sarh hid himself with Uthman ibn Affan. He brought him and made him stand before the Prophet ﷺ, and said: Accept the allegiance of Abdullah, Messenger of Allah! He raised his head and looked at him three times, refusing him each time, but accepted his allegiance after the third time. Then turning to his companions, he said: Was not there a wise man among you who would stand up to him when he saw that I had withheld my hand from accepting his allegiance, and kill him? They said: We did not know what you had in your heart, Messenger of Allah! Why did you not give us a signal with your eye? He said: It is not advisable for a Prophet to play deceptive tricks with the eyes.
Hadith 4360
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاق ، عَنْ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، يَقُولُ : " إِذَا أَبَقَ الْعَبْدُ إِلَى الشِّرْكِ فَقَدْ حَلَّ دَمُهُ " .
Jarir reported the prophet ﷺ as saying: When a slave runs away and reverts to polytheism, he may lawfully be killed.
