سنن ابي داود
Sunan Abi Dawud
كتاب الأقضية
The Office of the Judge (Kitab Al-Aqdiyah)
باب فِي قَضَاءِ الْقَاضِي إِذَا أَخْطَأَ
Chapter: Regarding the Judges judge when he is mistaken.
Hadith 3583
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ، قَالَتْ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ وَإِنَّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَيَّ ، وَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَلْحَنَ بِحُجَّتِهِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَأَقْضِيَ لَهُ عَلَى نَحْوِ مَا أَسْمَعُ مِنْهُ ، فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ مِنْ حَقِّ أَخِيهِ بِشَيْءٍ فَلَا يَأْخُذْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، فَإِنَّمَا أَقْطَعُ لَهُ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّار " .
Umm Salamah reported the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: "I am only a human being, and you bring your disputes to me, some perhaps being more eloquent in their plea than others, so that I give judgement on their behalf according to what I hear from them. Therefore, whatever I decide fr anyone which by right belongs to his brother, he must not take anything, for I am granting him only a portion of Hell.
Hadith 3584
حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ أَبُو تَوْبَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ مَوْلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ، قَالَتْ : أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَجُلَانِ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي مَوَارِيثَ لَهُمَا لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ إِلَّا دَعْوَاهُمَا ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ ، فَبَكَى الرَّجُلَانِ ، وَقَالَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا : حَقِّي لَكَ ، فَقَالَ لَهُمَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : أَمَّا إِذْ فَعَلْتُمَا مَا فَعَلْتُمَا ، فَاقْتَسِمَا وَتَوَخَّيَا الْحَقَّ ، ثُمَّ اسْتَهَمَا ، ثُمَّ تَحَالَّا .
Umm Salamah said: Two men came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who were disputing over their inheritance. They had no evidence except their claim. The Prophet ﷺ then said in a similar way. Thereupon both the men wept and each of them said: This right of mine go to you. The Prophet ﷺ then said: Now you have done whatever you have done ; do divide it up, aiming at what is right, then drew lots, and let each of you consider the other to have what is legitimately his"
Hadith 3585
حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى الرَّازِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى ، حَدَّثَنَا أُسَامَةُ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيث ، قَالَ : يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي مَوَارِيثَ وَأَشْيَاءَ قَدْ دَرَسَتْ ، فَقَالَ : إِنِّي إِنَّمَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمْ بِرَأْيِي فِيمَا لَمْ يُنْزَلْ عَلَيَّ فِيهِ .
Umm Salamah reported the Prophet ﷺ as saying when two men were disputing over inheritance and old things: I decide between you on the basis of my opinion in cases about which no revelation has been sent down to me.
Hadith 3586
حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْمَهْرِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَوَ هُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَر : " يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ، إِنَّ الرَّأْيَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُصِيبًا لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ يُرِيهِ وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنَّا الظَّنُّ وَالتَّكَلُّفُ " .
Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: Umar said while he was (sitting) on the pulpit: O people, the opinion from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was right, because Allah showed (i. e. inspired) him; but from us it is sheer conjecture and artifice.
Hadith 3587
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عُثْمَانَ الشَّامِيُّ " وَلَا إِخَالُنِي رَأَيْتُ شَأْمِيًّا أَفْضَلَ مِنْهُ " يَعْنِي حُرَيْزَ بْنَ عُثْمَانَ .
Muadh bin Muadh said: Abu Uthman al-Shami, whose name is Hariz bin Uthman, told me. I think I did not see anyone from Syria better than him.
