سنن ابي داود
Sunan Abi Dawud
كتاب البيوع
Commercial Transactions (Kitab Al-Buyu)
باب فِي التَّشْدِيدِ فِي الدَّيْنِ
Chapter: Regarding The Stern Warning About Debt.
Hadith 3341
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، عَنْ سَمْعَانَ ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ ، قَالَ : " خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : " هَاهُنَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي فُلَانٍ ؟ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ أَحَدٌ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : هَاهُنَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي فُلَانٍ ؟ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ أَحَدٌ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : هَاهُنَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي فُلَانٍ ؟ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ ، فَقَالَ : أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، فَقَالَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تُجِيبَنِي فِي الْمَرَّتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ ؟ أَمَا إِنِّي لَمْ أُنَوِّهْ بِكُمْ إِلَّا خَيْرًا ، إِنَّ صَاحِبَكُمْ مَأْسُورٌ بِدَيْنِهِ ، فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ أَدَّى عَنْهُ ، حَتَّى مَا بَقِيَ أَحَدٌ يَطْلُبُهُ بِشَيْءٍ " ، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد : سَمْعَانُ بْنُ مُشَنِّجٍ .
Narrated Samurah: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed us and said: Is here any one of such and such tribe present? But no one replied. He again asked: Is here any one of such and such tribe present? But no one replied. He again asked: Is here any one of such and such tribe? Then a man stood and said: I am (here), Messenger of Allah. He said: What prevented you from replying the first two times? I wish to tell you something good. Your companion has been detained (from entering Paradise) on account of his debt. Then I saw him that he paid off all his debt on his behalf and there remained no one to demand from him anything. Abu Dawud said: The name of the narrator Sam'an is Sam'an bin Mushannaj.
Hadith 3342
حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْمَهْرِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقُرَشِيَّ ، يَقُولُ : سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بُرْدَةَ بْنَ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيَّ ، يَقُولُ : عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " إِنَّ أَعْظَمَ الذُّنُوبِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ، أَنْ يَلْقَاهُ بِهَا عَبْدٌ بَعْدَ الْكَبَائِرِ الَّتِي نَهَى اللَّهُ عَنْهَا ، أَنْ يَمُوتَ رَجُلٌ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ ، لَا يَدَعُ لَهُ قَضَاءً " .
Narrated Abu Musa al-Ashari: The Prophet ﷺ said: After the grave sins which Allah has prohibited the greatest sin is that a man dies while he has debt due from him and does not leave anything to pay it off, and meets Him with it.
Hadith 3343
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ الْعَسْقَلَانِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ ، قَالَ : " كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا يُصَلِّي عَلَى رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ ، فَأُتِيَ بِمَيِّتٍ ، فَقَالَ : أَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ ؟ ، قَالُوا : نَعَمْ ، دِينَارَانِ ، قَالَ : صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ ، فَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ : هُمَا عَلَيَّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : أَنَا أَوْلَى بِكُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ ، فَمَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا ، فَعَلَيَّ قَضَاؤُهُ ، وَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا ، فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ " ،
Narrated Jabir ibn Abdullah: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would not say funeral prayer over a person who died while the debt was due from him. A dead Muslim was brought to him and he asked: Is there any debt due from him? They (the people) said: Yes, two dirhams. He said: Pray yourselves over your companion. Then Abu Qatadah al-Ansari said: I shall pay them, Messenger of Allah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then prayed over him. When Allah granted conquests to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he said: I am nearer to every believer than himself, so if anyone (dies and) leaves a debt, I shall be responsible for paying it; and if anyone leaves property, it goes to his heirs.
Hadith 3344
حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، وَقُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ،عَنْ شَرِيكٍ ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، رَفَعَهُ ، قَالَ عُثْمَانُ ، وحَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، مِثْلَهُ ، قَالَ : اشْتَرَى مِنْ عِيرٍ تَبِيعًا ، وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ ثَمَنُهُ ، فَأُرْبِحَ فِيهِ ، فَبَاعَهُ ، فَتَصَدَّقَ بِالرِّبْحِ عَلَى أَرَامِلِ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ ، وَقَالَ : لَا أَشْتَرِي بَعْدَهَا شَيْئًا إِلَّا وَعِنْدِي ثَمَنُهُ .
A similar tradition has also been transmitted by Ibn Abbas though a different chain of narrators. This version says: "He (the Prophet) purchased a calf from a caravan, but he had no money with him. He then sold it with some profit and gave the profit in charity to the poor and widows of Banu Abd al-Muttalib. He then said: I shall not buy anything after this but only when I have money with me.
