سنن ابي داود
Sunan Abi Dawud
كتاب الخراج والفيء والإمارة
Tribute, Spoils, and Rulership (Kitab Al-Kharaj, Wal-Fai Wal-Imarah)
باب فِي تَعْشِيرِ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ إِذَا اخْتَلَفُوا بِالتِّجَارَاتِ
Chapter: Levying The ’Ushur On Ahl Adh-Dhimmah If They Deal In Trade.
Hadith 3046
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَطَاءُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ ، عَنْ حَرْبِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَبِي أُمِّهِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّمَا الْعُشُورُ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى وَلَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ عُشُورٌ " .
Narrated Ubaydullah: Harb ibn Ubaydullah told on the authority of his grandfather, his mother's father, that he had it on the authority of his father that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Tithes are to be levied on Jews and Christians, but not on Muslims.
Hadith 3047
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الْمُحَارِبِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ ، عَنْ حَرْبِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَعْنَاهُ ، قَالَ : خَرَاجٌ مَكَانَ الْعُشُورِ .
The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Harb bin Ubaid Allah from the Prophet ﷺ to the same effect through a different chain of narrators. This version has the word kharaj (land tax) instead of ‘ushr (tithes).
Hadith 3048
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ ، عَنْ خَالِهِ ، قَالَ : قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أُعَشِّرُ قَوْمِي ، قَالَ : " إِنَّمَا الْعُشُورُ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى " .
A man reported from Bakr bin Wail on the authority of his maternal uncle as saying, I said “Messenger of Allah ﷺ may I levy tithe on my people. ?” He replied “Tithes are to be levied on Jews and Christians. ”
Hadith 3049
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبَزَّازُ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ ، عَنْ حَرْبِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ ،عَنْ جَدِّهِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي تَغْلِبَ ، قَالَ : أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَسْلَمْتُ وَعَلَّمَنِي الْإِسْلَامَ وَعَلَّمَنِي كَيْفَ آخُذُ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنْ قَوْمِي مِمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ ، ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كُلُّ مَا عَلَّمْتَنِي قَدْ حَفِظْتُهُ إِلَّا الصَّدَقَةَ أَفَأُعَشِّرُهُمْ ؟ قَالَ : " لَا إِنَّمَا الْعُشُورُ عَلَى النَّصَارَى وَالْيَهُودِ " .
Narrated A man of Banu Taghlib: Harb ibn Ubaydullah ibn Umayr ath-Thaqafi told on the authority of his grandfather, a man of Banu Taghlib: I came to the Prophet ﷺ, embraced Islam, and he taught me Islam. He also taught me how I should take sadaqah from my people who had become Muslim. I then returned to him and said: Messenger of Allah, I remembered whatever you taught me except the sadaqah. Should I levy tithe on them? He replied: No, tithes are to be levied on Christians and Jews.
Hadith 3050
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى ، حَدَّثَنَا أَشْعَثُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَرْطَاةُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ حَكِيمَ بْنَ عُمَيْرٍ أَبَا الأَحْوَصِ ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ الْعِرْبَاضِ بْنِ سَارِيَةَ السُّلَمِيِّ ، قَالَ : نَزَلْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَيْبَرَ وَمَعَهُ مَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ ، وَكَانَ صَاحِبُ خَيْبَرَ رَجُلًا مَارِدًا مُنْكَرًا فَأَقْبَلَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَلَكُمْ أَنْ تَذْبَحُوا حُمُرَنَا وَتَأْكُلُوا ثَمَرَنَا وَتَضْرِبُوا نِسَاءَنَا ، فَغَضِبَ يَعْنِي النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَالَ : " يَا ابْنَ عَوْفٍ ارْكَبْ فَرَسَكَ ثُمَّ نَادِ أَلَا إِنَّ الْجَنَّةَ لَا تَحِلُّ إِلَّا لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَأَنْ اجْتَمِعُوا لِلصَّلَاةِ ، قَالَ : فَاجْتَمَعُوا ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بِهِمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَقَالَ : أَيَحْسَبُ أَحَدُكُمْ مُتَّكِئًا عَلَى أَرِيكَتِهِ قَدْ يَظُنُّ أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يُحَرِّمْ شَيْئًا إِلَّا مَا فِي هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ أَلَا وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ قَدْ وَعَظْتُ وَأَمَرْتُ وَنَهَيْتُ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ إِنَّهَا لَمِثْلُ الْقُرْآنِ أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَمْ يُحِلَّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنٍ وَلَا ضَرْبَ نِسَائِهِمْ وَلَا أَكْلَ ثِمَارِهِمْ إِذَا أَعْطَوْكُمُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِمْ " .
Narrated Al-Irbad ibn Sariyah as-Sulami: We alighted with the Prophet ﷺ at Khaybar, and he had his companions with him. The chief of Khaybar was a defiant and abominable man. He came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: Is it proper for you, Muhammad, that you slaughter our donkeys, eat our fruit, and beat our women? The Prophet ﷺ became angry and said: Ibn Awf, ride your horse, and call loudly: Beware, Paradise is lawful only for a believer, and that they (the people) should gather for prayer. They gathered and the Prophet ﷺ led them in prayer, stood up and said: Does any of you, while reclining on his couch, imagine that Allah has prohibited only that which is to be found in this Quran? By Allah, I have preached, commanded and prohibited various matters as numerous as that which is found in the Quran, or more numerous. Allah has not permitted you to enter the houses of the people of the Book without permission, or beat their women, or eat their fruits when they give you that which is imposed on them.
Hadith 3051
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنْ هِلَالٍ ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَعَلَّكُمْ تُقَاتِلُونَ قَوْمًا فَتَظْهَرُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَيَتَّقُونَكُمْ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ دُونَ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَبْنَائِهِمْ " ، قَالَ سَعِيدٌ فِي حَدِيثِهِ : فَيُصَالِحُونَكُمْ عَلَى صُلْحٍ ، ثُمَّ اتَّفَقَا فَلَا تُصِيبُوا مِنْهُمْ شَيْئًا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَصْلُحُ لَكُمْ .
Narrated A man of Juhaynah: The Prophet ﷺ said: Probably you will fight with a people, you will dominate them, and they will save themselves and their children by their property. The version of Saeed has You will then conclude peace with them. The agreed version goes: Then do no take anything from them more than that, for it is not proper for you.
Hadith 3052
حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْمَهْرِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو صَخْرٍ الْمَدِينِيُّ ، أَنَّ صَفْوَانَ بْنَ سُلَيْمٍ ، أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ ، مِنْ أَبْنَاءِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، عَن آبَائِهِمْ دِنْيَةً ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " أَلَا مَنْ ظَلَمَ مُعَاهِدًا أَوِ انْتَقَصَهُ أَوْ كَلَّفَهُ فَوْقَ طَاقَتِهِ أَوْ أَخَذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا بِغَيْرِ طِيبِ نَفْسٍ فَأَنَا حَجِيجُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ " .
Narrated A number of Companions of the Prophet: Safwan reported from a number of Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the authority of their fathers who were relatives of each other. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Beware, if anyone wrongs a contracting man, or diminishes his right, or forces him to work beyond his capacity, or takes from him anything without his consent, I shall plead for him on the Day of Judgment.
