سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب الأدبGeneral Behavior (Kitab Al-Adab)
باب فِي الْحَسَدِChapter: Envy (hasad).
Hadith 4904
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَمْيَاءِ ، أَنَّ سَهْلَ بْنَ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ حَدَّثَهُ ، أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ هُوَ وَأَبُوهُ عَلَى أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ وَهُوَ أَمِيرُ الْمَدِينَةِ ، فَإِذَا هُوَ يُصَلِّي صَلَاةً خَفِيفَةً دَقِيقَةً كَأَنَّهَا صَلَاةُ مُسَافِرٍ أَوْ قَرِيبًا مِنْهَا فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ ، قَالَ أَبِي : يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ ، أَرَأَيْتَ هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ أَوْ شَيْءٌ تَنَفَّلْتَهُ ؟ , قَالَ : إِنَّهَا الْمَكْتُوبَةُ وَإِنَّهَا لَصَلَاةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، مَا أَخْطَأْتُ إِلَّا شَيْئًا سَهَوْتُ عَنْهُ ، فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، كَانَ يَقُولُ : " لَا تُشَدِّدُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ فَيُشَدَّدَ عَلَيْكُمْ ، فَإِنَّ قَوْمًا شَدَّدُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ فَشَدَّدَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَتِلْكَ بَقَايَاهُمْ فِي الصَّوَامِعِ وَالدِّيَار وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ , ثُمَّ غَدَا مِنَ الْغَدِ ، فَقَالَ : أَلَا تَرْكَبُ لِتَنْظُرَ وَلِتَعْتَبِرَ ، قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، فَرَكِبُوا جَمِيعًا فَإِذَا هُمْ بِدِيَارٍ بَادَ أَهْلُهَا وَانْقَضَوْا وَفَنُوا خَاوِيَةٍ عَلَى عُرُوشِهَا ، فَقَالَ : أَتَعْرِفُ هَذِهِ الدِّيَارَ ، فَقُلْتُ : مَا أَعْرَفَنِي بِهَا وَبِأَهْلِهَا ، هَذِهِ دِيَارُ قَوْمٍ أَهْلَكَهُمُ الْبَغْيُ وَالْحَسَدُ إِنَّ الْحَسَدَ يُطْفِئُ نُورَ الْحَسَنَاتِ وَالْبَغْيُ يُصَدِّقُ ذَلِكَ أَوْ يُكَذِّبُهُ وَالْعَيْنُ تَزْنِي وَالْكَفُّ وَالْقَدَمُ وَالْجَسَدُ وَاللِّسَانُ وَالْفَرْجُ يُصَدِّقُ ذَلِكَ أَوْ يُكَذِّبُهُ .
Narrated Anas ibn Malik: Sahl ibn Abu Umamah said that he and his father (Abu Umamah) visited Anas ibn Malik at Madina during the time (rule) of Umar ibn Abdul Aziz when he (Anas ibn Malik) was the governor of Madina. He was praying a very short prayer as if it were the prayer of a traveller or near it. When he gave a greeting, my father said: May Allah have mercy on you! Tell me about this prayer: Is it obligatory or supererogatory? He said: It is obligatory; it is the prayer performed by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. I did not make a mistake except in one thing that I forgot. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to say: Do not impose austerities on yourselves so that austerities will be imposed on you, for people have imposed austerities on themselves and Allah imposed austerities on them. Their survivors are to be found in cells and monasteries. (Then he quoted: ) "Monasticism, they invented it; we did not prescribe it for them. " Next day he went out in the morning and said: will you not go out for a ride, so that you may see something and take a lesson from it? He said: Yes. Then all of them rode away and reached a land whose inhabitants had perished, passed away and died. The roofs of the town had fallen in. He asked: Do you know this land? I said: Who acquainted me with it and its inhabitants? (Anas said: ) This is the land of the people whom oppression and envy destroyed. Envy extinguishes the light of good deeds, and oppression confirms or falsifies it. The eye commits fornication, and the palm of the hand, the foot, body, tongue and private part of the body confirm it or deny it.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
This narration is also weak.
However, the reality is that due to envy and rebellion, individuals, families, and nations become ruined and destroyed even within this world.
This narration is also weak.
However, the reality is that due to envy and rebellion, individuals, families, and nations become ruined and destroyed even within this world.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 4904
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Hadith Authentication
Its chain of narration is weak.
◄ Abu Ya’la al-Mawsili [المسند 365/6ح 3694] has also narrated it with the same chain.
The narrator of this narration, Sa’id ibn Abdur Rahman ibn Abi al-‘Umayya, has not been declared trustworthy by anyone except Ibn Hibban, meaning he is of unknown status (majhul al-hal).
◄ In al-Tarikh al-Kabir of al-Bukhari [97/4], it is narrated that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«لا تُشَدِّدُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ فَإِنَّمَا هَلَكَ مَنْ قَبْلَكُمْ بِتَشْدِيدِهِمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَسَتَجِدُونَ بَقَايَاهُمْ فِي الصَّوَامِعِ وَالدِّيَارَاتِ»
“Do not be harsh upon yourselves, for those before you were destroyed because of being harsh upon themselves, and you will see the remnants of them in the monks’ places of worship and in the houses (with places of prostration).”
◄ ↰ The chain of this narration is hasan li-dhatih (good in itself).
The narration of Imam al-Bukhari from Abdullah ibn Salih Katib al-Layth is hasan, and the rest of the chain is authentic.
◄ Abu Shurayh Abdur Rahman ibn Shurayh al-Iskandarani was trustworthy and virtuous. The criticism of him by Ibn Sa’d is rejected.
◄ Also see: [تقريب التهذيب 3892]
Fiqh of the Hadith:
The fiqh of the narration from al-Tarikh al-Kabir of al-Bukhari is as follows:
➊ In Shari’ah, for those matters in which there is allowance and concession, one should not unnecessarily declare them forbidden or prohibited upon oneself; rather, it is better to benefit from the concession.
➋ There is no monasticism in Islam; rather, one should live within society and remain engaged in reforming oneself and others.
➌ One should always completely avoid extremism and always adopt the just and moderate middle path.
➍ The system of seclusion from society, i.e., the monastic system, is in reality a copy of the actions of the Jewish rabbis and Christian monks.
➎ The silence of Imam Abu Dawud upon a narration in Sunan Abu Dawud is not proof of its being hasan or sahih; rather, keeping justice and fairness in view, the decision regarding a narration should be made according to the science of narrators (asma’ al-rijal) and the principles of hadith.
➏ There is no concept of chilla-kashi (forty-day spiritual retreat) in Islam.
➐ Asceticism (zuhd) and piety are indeed proven from the Qur’an and Hadith, but there is no evidence for the system of spiritual mentorship (pir-muridi) in the proofs.
➑ In Islamic Shari’ah, complete attention has been given to the proper training of the people of Islam and faith, so that Muslims, while avoiding misguidance, remain steadfast upon the straight path, and in this is salvation.
➒ Salvation lies in acting upon the Sunnah.
➓ It is necessary to avoid innovations (bid’ah).
Its chain of narration is weak.
◄ Abu Ya’la al-Mawsili [المسند 365/6ح 3694] has also narrated it with the same chain.
The narrator of this narration, Sa’id ibn Abdur Rahman ibn Abi al-‘Umayya, has not been declared trustworthy by anyone except Ibn Hibban, meaning he is of unknown status (majhul al-hal).
◄ In al-Tarikh al-Kabir of al-Bukhari [97/4], it is narrated that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«لا تُشَدِّدُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ فَإِنَّمَا هَلَكَ مَنْ قَبْلَكُمْ بِتَشْدِيدِهِمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَسَتَجِدُونَ بَقَايَاهُمْ فِي الصَّوَامِعِ وَالدِّيَارَاتِ»
“Do not be harsh upon yourselves, for those before you were destroyed because of being harsh upon themselves, and you will see the remnants of them in the monks’ places of worship and in the houses (with places of prostration).”
◄ ↰ The chain of this narration is hasan li-dhatih (good in itself).
The narration of Imam al-Bukhari from Abdullah ibn Salih Katib al-Layth is hasan, and the rest of the chain is authentic.
◄ Abu Shurayh Abdur Rahman ibn Shurayh al-Iskandarani was trustworthy and virtuous. The criticism of him by Ibn Sa’d is rejected.
◄ Also see: [تقريب التهذيب 3892]
Fiqh of the Hadith:
The fiqh of the narration from al-Tarikh al-Kabir of al-Bukhari is as follows:
➊ In Shari’ah, for those matters in which there is allowance and concession, one should not unnecessarily declare them forbidden or prohibited upon oneself; rather, it is better to benefit from the concession.
➋ There is no monasticism in Islam; rather, one should live within society and remain engaged in reforming oneself and others.
➌ One should always completely avoid extremism and always adopt the just and moderate middle path.
➍ The system of seclusion from society, i.e., the monastic system, is in reality a copy of the actions of the Jewish rabbis and Christian monks.
➎ The silence of Imam Abu Dawud upon a narration in Sunan Abu Dawud is not proof of its being hasan or sahih; rather, keeping justice and fairness in view, the decision regarding a narration should be made according to the science of narrators (asma’ al-rijal) and the principles of hadith.
➏ There is no concept of chilla-kashi (forty-day spiritual retreat) in Islam.
➐ Asceticism (zuhd) and piety are indeed proven from the Qur’an and Hadith, but there is no evidence for the system of spiritual mentorship (pir-muridi) in the proofs.
➑ In Islamic Shari’ah, complete attention has been given to the proper training of the people of Islam and faith, so that Muslims, while avoiding misguidance, remain steadfast upon the straight path, and in this is salvation.
➒ Salvation lies in acting upon the Sunnah.
➓ It is necessary to avoid innovations (bid’ah).
Source: Adwa al-Masabih fi Tahqiq Mishkat al-Masabih, Page: 181
