سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب السنةModel Behavior of the Prophet (Kitab Al-Sunnah)
باب فِي الْجَهْمِيَّةِChapter: The Jahmiyyah.
Hadith 4726
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى بْنُ حَمَّادٍ ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الرِّبَاطِيُّ ، قَالُوا : أخبرنا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، قَالَ أَحْمَدُ : كَتَبْنَاهُ مِنْ نُسْخَتِهِ ، وَهَذَا لَفْظُهُ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاق يُحَدِّثُ ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ ، عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ ، قَالَ : " أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، جُهِدَتِ الْأَنْفُسُ ، وَضَاعَتِ الْعِيَالُ ، وَنُهِكَتِ الْأَمْوَالُ ، وَهَلَكَتِ الْأَنْعَامُ ، فَاسْتَسْقِ اللَّهَ لَنَا ، فَإِنَّا نَسْتَشْفِعُ بِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ ، وَنَسْتَشْفِعُ بِاللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : وَيْحَكَ ، أَتَدْرِي مَا تَقُولُ ؟ , وَسَبَّحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَمَا زَالَ يُسَبِّحُ حَتَّى عُرِفَ ذَلِكَ فِي وُجُوهِ أَصْحَابِهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : وَيْحَكَ ، إِنَّهُ لَا يُسْتَشْفَعُ بِاللَّهِ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ ، شَأْنُ اللَّهِ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، وَيْحَكَ ، أَتَدْرِي مَا اللَّهُ ؟ إِنَّ عَرْشَهُ عَلَى سَمَاوَاتِهِ لَهَكَذَا ، وَقَالَ بِأَصَابِعِهِ مِثْلَ الْقُبَّةِ عَلَيْهِ ، وَإِنَّهُ لَيَئِطُّ بِهِ أَطِيطَ الرَّحْلِ بِالرَّاكِبِ " , قال ابْنُ بَشَّارٍ فِي حَدِيثِهِ : إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَوْقَ عَرْشِهِ ، وَعَرْشُهُ فَوْقَ سَمَاوَاتِهِ , وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ ، وقَالَ عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى ، وَابْنُ الْمُثَنَّى ، وَابْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ ، وَجُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ ، قَالَ أبو داود : وَالْحَدِيثُ بِإِسْنَادِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ ، ووَافَقَهُ عَلَيْهِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْهُمْ : يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ ، وَرَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ ، عَنْ ابْنِ إِسْحَاق ، كَمَا قَالَ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا ، وَكَانَ سَمَاعُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى ، وَابْنِ الْمُثَنَّى ، وَابْنِ بَشَّارٍ مِنْ نُسْخَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي .
Muhammad bin Jubair bin Mutim said from his father on the authority of his grandfather: An A’rab (a nomadic Arab) came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: People suffering distress, the children are hungry, the crops are withered, and the animals are perished, so ask Allah to grant us rain, for we seek you as our intercessor with Allah, and Allah as intercessor with you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Woe to you: Do you know what you are saying? Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ declared Allah’s glory and he continued declaring His glory till the effect of that was apparent in the faces of his Companions. He then said: Woe to you: Allah is not to be sought as intercessor with anyone. Allah’s state is greater than that. Woe to you! Do you know how great Allah is? His throne is above the heavens thus (indicating with his fingers like a dome over him), and it groans on account of Him as a saddle does because of the rider. Ibn Bashshar said in his version: Allah is above the throne, and the throne is above the heavens. He then mentioned the rest of the tradition. Abd al-A’la, Ibn al- Muthana and Ibn Bashshar transmitted it from Ya’qub bin ‘Utbah and Jubair bin Muhammad bin Jubair from his father on the authority of his grandfather. Abu Dawud said: This tradition with the chain of Ahmad bin Saad is sound. It has been approved by the body (of traditionists), which includes Yahya bin Ma’in and Ali bin al-Madani, and a group has transmitted it from Ibn Ishaq, as Ahmad also said. And so far as I have been informed Abd al-A’la, Ibn al-Muthanna, and Ibn Bashshar had heard from the same copy (of the collection of tradition).
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Allah, the Exalted, is established above His Throne over the seven heavens
Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud radi Allahu anhu said:
Between each heaven and the next is a distance of five hundred years.
From the earth to the (first) heaven is a distance of five hundred years.
Between the seventh heaven and the Kursi is a distance of five hundred years.
Between the Kursi and the water is a distance of five hundred years.
The Throne (‘Arsh) is upon the water, and Allah is above the Throne; He knows your deeds.
(Kitab at-Tawhid by Ibn Khuzaymah, p. 105; second edition 1/242–243, hadith 149; third edition 1/222, hadith 178; its chain is hasan li-dhatih. Al-Asma’ wa’s-Sifat by al-Bayhaqi 2/186–187, hadith 751. Al-Dhahabi said in Kitab al-‘Arsh, p. 129, hadith 105: “With a sahih chain from him.”)
This athar (statement of Ibn Mas‘ud radi Allahu anhu) is also found in many books, such as al-Mu‘jam al-Kabir by al-Tabarani (9/228), and al-Radd ‘ala al-Jahmiyyah by ‘Uthman ibn Sa‘id al-Darimi (p. 81), and others.
For other athar of the Companions, as well as athar of the Tabi‘in and those after them, refer to books such as Kitab al-‘Arsh and Kitab al-‘Uluw li’l-‘Aliyy al-Ghaffar by al-Dhahabi, and similar works.
It is thus established that Allah, the Exalted, is established above His Throne over the seven heavens.
Imam Malik rahimahullah said:
“Allah is above the heaven, and His knowledge is in every place; no place is devoid of His knowledge.”
(Masa’il Abi Dawud, p. 263; its chain is hasan li-dhatih. Kitab al-Shari‘ah by al-Ajurri, pp. 652–653)
This athar is also found in many books, and Hafiz al-Dhahabi declared it “established from Malik rahimahullah.” (Kitab al-‘Arsh, p. 180, hadith 155)
Imam Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak al-Marwazi rahimahullah said:
“We know our Lord is above the seven heavens, established over the Throne (‘Arsh), distinct from His creation, and we do not say as the Jahmiyyah say: ‘He is here’—and he pointed to the earth.”
(Al-Asma’ wa’s-Sifat by al-Bayhaqi, p. 427; second edition, p. 538; its chain is sahih, and al-Dhahabi authenticated it in al-‘Uluw li’l-‘Aliyy al-Ghaffar 2/986 before hadith 361, and Ibn Taymiyyah in al-Hamawiyyah, p. 269, and others.)
This athar is also found in many books, such as Kitab at-Tawhid by Ibn Mandah (hadith 899), and others.
For the original article, see Tahqiqi wa ‘Ilmi Maqalat (vol. 6, pp. 12–13).
Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud radi Allahu anhu said:
Between each heaven and the next is a distance of five hundred years.
From the earth to the (first) heaven is a distance of five hundred years.
Between the seventh heaven and the Kursi is a distance of five hundred years.
Between the Kursi and the water is a distance of five hundred years.
The Throne (‘Arsh) is upon the water, and Allah is above the Throne; He knows your deeds.
(Kitab at-Tawhid by Ibn Khuzaymah, p. 105; second edition 1/242–243, hadith 149; third edition 1/222, hadith 178; its chain is hasan li-dhatih. Al-Asma’ wa’s-Sifat by al-Bayhaqi 2/186–187, hadith 751. Al-Dhahabi said in Kitab al-‘Arsh, p. 129, hadith 105: “With a sahih chain from him.”)
This athar (statement of Ibn Mas‘ud radi Allahu anhu) is also found in many books, such as al-Mu‘jam al-Kabir by al-Tabarani (9/228), and al-Radd ‘ala al-Jahmiyyah by ‘Uthman ibn Sa‘id al-Darimi (p. 81), and others.
For other athar of the Companions, as well as athar of the Tabi‘in and those after them, refer to books such as Kitab al-‘Arsh and Kitab al-‘Uluw li’l-‘Aliyy al-Ghaffar by al-Dhahabi, and similar works.
It is thus established that Allah, the Exalted, is established above His Throne over the seven heavens.
Imam Malik rahimahullah said:
“Allah is above the heaven, and His knowledge is in every place; no place is devoid of His knowledge.”
(Masa’il Abi Dawud, p. 263; its chain is hasan li-dhatih. Kitab al-Shari‘ah by al-Ajurri, pp. 652–653)
This athar is also found in many books, and Hafiz al-Dhahabi declared it “established from Malik rahimahullah.” (Kitab al-‘Arsh, p. 180, hadith 155)
Imam Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak al-Marwazi rahimahullah said:
“We know our Lord is above the seven heavens, established over the Throne (‘Arsh), distinct from His creation, and we do not say as the Jahmiyyah say: ‘He is here’—and he pointed to the earth.”
(Al-Asma’ wa’s-Sifat by al-Bayhaqi, p. 427; second edition, p. 538; its chain is sahih, and al-Dhahabi authenticated it in al-‘Uluw li’l-‘Aliyy al-Ghaffar 2/986 before hadith 361, and Ibn Taymiyyah in al-Hamawiyyah, p. 269, and others.)
This athar is also found in many books, such as Kitab at-Tawhid by Ibn Mandah (hadith 899), and others.
For the original article, see Tahqiqi wa ‘Ilmi Maqalat (vol. 6, pp. 12–13).
Source: Research and Scholarly Articles by Shaykh Zubair Ali Zai, Page: 12
