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سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب السنةModel Behavior of the Prophet (Kitab Al-Sunnah)
باب فِي ذَرَارِيِّ الْمُشْرِكِينَChapter: The Offspring Of Polytheists.
Hadith 4713
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ طَلْحَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، قَالَتْ : " أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِصَبِيٍّ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ يُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ ، قَالَتْ : قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ طُوبَى لِهَذَا لَمْ يَعْمَلْ شَرًّا وَلَمْ يَدْرِ بِهِ ، فَقَالَ : أَوْ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ يَا عَائِشَةُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ الْجَنَّةَ وَخَلَقَ لَهَا أَهْلًا ، وَخَلَقَهَا لَهُمْ وَهُمْ فِي أَصْلَابِ آبَائِهِمْ ، وَخَلَقَ النَّارَ وَخَلَقَ لَهَا أَهْلًا وَخَلَقَهَا لَهُمْ وَهُمْ فِي أَصْلَابِ آبَائِهِمْ " .
Aishah, mother of the believers, said: The Prophet ﷺ was invited to the funeral of a boy who belonged to the ANSAR and I said; Messenger of Allah! This one is blessed, for he has done no evil, nor has he known it. He replied: It may be otherwise, Aishah, for Allah created Paradise and created those who will go to it, and He created it for them when they were still in their father’s loins; and he created hell and created those who will go to it, and created it for them when they were still in their father’s loins.
Related hadith on this topic
Brief Explanation
1؎: The meaning of what Umm al-Mu’minin Aisha radi Allahu anha said was that since this child had not committed any sin, therefore he is certainly among the people of Paradise. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam refuted this certainty, stating that it is not correct to declare anyone to be of Paradise without evidence. The decision of being among the people of Paradise or Hell has already been made by Allah before a person comes into this world, and since this is unknown to us, how can we declare anyone to be definitively and certainly among the people of Paradise or Hell? This hadith appears to be in contradiction to the aforementioned hadith in which it is stated that Muslim children who die in childhood will be with their parents. Furthermore, the scholars are almost unanimously agreed that the children of Muslims are among the people of Paradise. The answer given regarding this hadith is that the intent was to prevent Aisha radi Allahu anha from hastily making a judgment about someone being of Paradise or Hell, and nothing more. Some have said: this refers to the time when the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam had not yet been informed that Muslim children are among the people of Paradise.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Commentary:
(1)
The certainty with which Aisha radi Allahu anha declared this boy to be among the people of Paradise was not liked by the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and he said that the knowledge of this matter rests solely with Allah. Imam Nawawi rahimahullah has stated that there is consensus among the scholars that all the children of Muslims are among the people of Paradise, and indeed, numerous ahadith also support this ruling. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam may have stated this hadith at a time when he did not have knowledge of this matter, and later Allah the Exalted granted him knowledge of it.
(2)
This narration establishes the proof of predestination (qadar).
(1)
The certainty with which Aisha radi Allahu anha declared this boy to be among the people of Paradise was not liked by the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and he said that the knowledge of this matter rests solely with Allah. Imam Nawawi rahimahullah has stated that there is consensus among the scholars that all the children of Muslims are among the people of Paradise, and indeed, numerous ahadith also support this ruling. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam may have stated this hadith at a time when he did not have knowledge of this matter, and later Allah the Exalted granted him knowledge of it.
(2)
This narration establishes the proof of predestination (qadar).
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 82
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Takhrij:
[صحيح مسلم 6768]
Fiqh al-Hadith:
➊ One should not make an absolute judgment about any person that he is destined for Paradise or Hell, except in cases that are clearly established by the Qur’an and Hadith.
➋ There is a difference of opinion among the scholars regarding the deceased minor children of Muslims. The preferred view is that these children will be in Paradise along with their believing parents. As for the children of disbelievers, according to the preferred opinion, their knowledge is with Allah alone, and the funeral prayer is not performed for the deceased children of disbelievers.
➌ Sayyidah A’ishah radi Allahu anha asked the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam about the children of believers. He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam replied: “They are with their parents.” She asked: “Without any deeds?” He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam replied: “Allah knows what deeds they would have done.” Sayyidah A’ishah radi Allahu anha asked: “And the children of the polytheists?” He (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) replied: “They are with their parents.” She asked: “Without any deeds?” He (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) replied: “Allah knows what deeds they would have done.” [سنن ابي داود : 4712، وسنده صحيح]
[صحيح مسلم 6768]
Fiqh al-Hadith:
➊ One should not make an absolute judgment about any person that he is destined for Paradise or Hell, except in cases that are clearly established by the Qur’an and Hadith.
➋ There is a difference of opinion among the scholars regarding the deceased minor children of Muslims. The preferred view is that these children will be in Paradise along with their believing parents. As for the children of disbelievers, according to the preferred opinion, their knowledge is with Allah alone, and the funeral prayer is not performed for the deceased children of disbelievers.
➌ Sayyidah A’ishah radi Allahu anha asked the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam about the children of believers. He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam replied: “They are with their parents.” She asked: “Without any deeds?” He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam replied: “Allah knows what deeds they would have done.” Sayyidah A’ishah radi Allahu anha asked: “And the children of the polytheists?” He (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) replied: “They are with their parents.” She asked: “Without any deeds?” He (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) replied: “Allah knows what deeds they would have done.” [سنن ابي داود : 4712، وسنده صحيح]
Source: Adwa al-Masabih fi Tahqiq Mishkat al-Masabih, Page: 84
Shaykh Muhammad Ibrahim bin Basheer
Benefit:
From this hadith, it is established that those innocent children who pass away will enter Paradise, and furthermore, that divine decree (qadar) is true. No one except Allah knows who will enter Hell and who will enter Paradise. We have not been given the right to declare about people that so-and-so is destined for Paradise or so-and-so is destined for Hell; this knowledge rests solely with Allah, the Exalted.
From this hadith, it is established that those innocent children who pass away will enter Paradise, and furthermore, that divine decree (qadar) is true. No one except Allah knows who will enter Hell and who will enter Paradise. We have not been given the right to declare about people that so-and-so is destined for Paradise or so-and-so is destined for Hell; this knowledge rests solely with Allah, the Exalted.
Source: Musnad al-Humaydi: Commentary by Muhammad Ibrahim bin Bashir, Page: 267
