سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب السنةModel Behavior of the Prophet (Kitab Al-Sunnah)
باب الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى زِيَادَةِ الإِيمَانِ وَنُقْصَانِهِChapter: Proof Of Increase And Decrease Of Faith.
Hadith 4690
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاق بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ الرَّمْلِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا نَافِعٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ زَيْدٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ الْهَادِ ، أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيَّ حَدَّثَهُ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " بإِذَا زَنَى الرَّجُلُ خَرَجَ مِنْهُ الْإِيمَانُ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ كَالظُّلَّةِ فَإِذَا انْقَطَعَ رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ الْإِيمَانُ " .
Narrated Abu Hurairah: The Prophet ﷺ said: When a man commits fornication, faith departs from him and there is something like a canvas roof over his head; and when he quits that action, faith returns to him.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
In these hadiths, the abhorrence and evil of the mentioned sinful acts and the wretchedness of their perpetrator are described, which are not befitting for any believer.
If, hypothetically, such a person were to die in this state, then consider in what condition he died.
The Khawarij sect has understood their meaning in this way:
Such a person exits from faith and becomes definitively a disbeliever (kafir), but in these hadiths, this extremist stance and exaggeration are refuted.
According to Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jama‘ah, these acts are acts of disbelief (kufr), but they do not categorically consider them a cause for expulsion from the community (ummah). When a person is not involved in such acts, he is not a disbeliever, rather, if he repents, he comes out of the state of diminished faith or temporary negation of faith, which is referred to as (kufr duna kufr) —
that is, lesser disbelief as compared to major disbelief.
In these hadiths, the abhorrence and evil of the mentioned sinful acts and the wretchedness of their perpetrator are described, which are not befitting for any believer.
If, hypothetically, such a person were to die in this state, then consider in what condition he died.
The Khawarij sect has understood their meaning in this way:
Such a person exits from faith and becomes definitively a disbeliever (kafir), but in these hadiths, this extremist stance and exaggeration are refuted.
According to Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jama‘ah, these acts are acts of disbelief (kufr), but they do not categorically consider them a cause for expulsion from the community (ummah). When a person is not involved in such acts, he is not a disbeliever, rather, if he repents, he comes out of the state of diminished faith or temporary negation of faith, which is referred to as (kufr duna kufr) —
that is, lesser disbelief as compared to major disbelief.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 4690
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Authentication of the Hadith:
Its chain of narration is authentic.
It has been narrated by Abu Dawood [4690] and Tirmidhi after Hadith [2625] in a suspended form without a chain of narration.
It has been narrated by Ibn Mandah [الايمان : 519] and Hakim [1؍22 ح56] through the chain of narration of «سعيد بن ابي سعيد المقبري عن ابي هريره رضي الله عنه».
Both Hakim and Dhahabi have declared it authentic according to the conditions of Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim.
Jurisprudence of the Hadith:
➊ There are different levels of faith (iman).
➋ A Muslim does not become a disbeliever (kafir) by committing a major sin (kabirah).
➌ This hadith is a refutation of the Khawarij.
Its chain of narration is authentic.
It has been narrated by Abu Dawood [4690] and Tirmidhi after Hadith [2625] in a suspended form without a chain of narration.
It has been narrated by Ibn Mandah [الايمان : 519] and Hakim [1؍22 ح56] through the chain of narration of «سعيد بن ابي سعيد المقبري عن ابي هريره رضي الله عنه».
Both Hakim and Dhahabi have declared it authentic according to the conditions of Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim.
Jurisprudence of the Hadith:
➊ There are different levels of faith (iman).
➋ A Muslim does not become a disbeliever (kafir) by committing a major sin (kabirah).
➌ This hadith is a refutation of the Khawarij.
Source: Adwa al-Masabih fi Tahqiq Mishkat al-Masabih, Page: 60
