سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب الدياتTypes of Blood-Wit (Kitab Al-Diyat)
باب وَلِيِّ الْعَمْدِ يَأْخُذُ الدِّيَةَChapter: The Heir Of The One Who Was Killed Deliberately Taking The Diyah.
Hadith 4505
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مَزْيَدٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى . ح وحَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَرْبُ بْنُ شَدَّادٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا فُتِحَتْ مَكَّةُ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : " مَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ قَتِيلٌ فَهُوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرَيْنِ : إِمَّا أَنْ يُودَى ، أَوْ يُقَادَ ، فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَبُو شَاةٍ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ اكْتُبْ لِي ، قَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ : اكْتُبُوا لِي ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : اكْتُبُوا لِأَبِي شَاةٍ " ، وَهَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَحْمَدَ ، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد : اكْتُبُوا لِي يَعْنِي خُطْبَةَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ .
Narrated Abu Hurairah: When Makkah was conquered, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ got up and said: If a relative of anyone is killed, he will have a choice between two: he (the slayer) will either pay the blood-wit or he will be killed. A man of the Yemen called Abu Shah stood up and said: Write for me, Messenger of Allah. The narrator al-Abbas (b. al-Walid) said: Write to me, (you people). The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Write (you people), for Abu Shah. These are the wordings of the tradition of Ahmad. Abu Dawud said: Write (you people), for me, that is, the address of the Prophet ﷺ.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
➊ In the case of intentional murder, retribution (qisas) is taken from the killer, or if the heirs of the slain are agreeable, they may accept blood money (diyah) instead.
➋ During the time of the Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), the sayings of the Messenger were indeed written down, but their scope was very limited. The noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) rightly understood and believed that the statements of the Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) themselves are our standard for action.
➊ In the case of intentional murder, retribution (qisas) is taken from the killer, or if the heirs of the slain are agreeable, they may accept blood money (diyah) instead.
➋ During the time of the Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), the sayings of the Messenger were indeed written down, but their scope was very limited. The noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) rightly understood and believed that the statements of the Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) themselves are our standard for action.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 4505
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊
Qisas (retaliation) and fidyah (compensation) have been regarded as similar things because the third option, i.e., forgiving, is a very lofty and great act.
➋
Fidyah (compensation) is superior to qisas (retaliation) because it is also a form of forgiveness. It is also possible that instead of taking the full fidyah, some compensation is accepted and the rest is forgiven.
➌
The decision to take qisas (retaliation) or diyah (blood money) is the right of the heirs of the murdered person, not the court.
➍
Qisas (retaliation) is only applicable in cases of intentional murder (qatl ‘amd); in cases of accidental killing (qatl khata’) or quasi-intentional killing (shibh al-‘amd), there is no qisas, only diyah (blood money).
➊
Qisas (retaliation) and fidyah (compensation) have been regarded as similar things because the third option, i.e., forgiving, is a very lofty and great act.
➋
Fidyah (compensation) is superior to qisas (retaliation) because it is also a form of forgiveness. It is also possible that instead of taking the full fidyah, some compensation is accepted and the rest is forgiven.
➌
The decision to take qisas (retaliation) or diyah (blood money) is the right of the heirs of the murdered person, not the court.
➍
Qisas (retaliation) is only applicable in cases of intentional murder (qatl ‘amd); in cases of accidental killing (qatl khata’) or quasi-intentional killing (shibh al-‘amd), there is no qisas, only diyah (blood money).
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 2624
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
Generally, the heirs of the murdered person demand retribution (qisas) or else agree to blood money (diyah), therefore two things have been mentioned. However, if the heirs of the murdered person, showing forgiveness, completely pardon (the killer), then in view of the generality of the Qur’an, this is also permissible. Furthermore, it is also understood from this that the choice between retribution (qisas), blood money (diyah), or pardon belongs to the heirs of the murdered person, not to the killer.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 4789
