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سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب الدياتTypes of Blood-Wit (Kitab Al-Diyat)
باب النَّفْسِ بِالنَّفْسِChapter: A Life For A Life.
Hadith 4494
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مُوسَى ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : " كَانَ قُرَيْظَةُ ، وَالنَّضِيرُ وَكَانَ النَّضِيرُ أَشْرَفَ مِنْ قُرَيْظَةَ فَكَانَ إِذَا قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْظَةَ رَجُلًا مِنَ النَّضِيرِ قُتِلَ بِهِ وَإِذَا قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّضِيرِ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْظَةَ فُودِيَ بِمِائَةِ وَسْقٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ ، فَلَمَّا بُعِثَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّضِيرِ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْظَةَ ، فَقَالُوا : ادْفَعُوهُ إِلَيْنَا نَقْتُلُهُ ، فَقَالُوا : بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَتَوْهُ ، فَنَزَلَتْ : وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ سورة المائدة آية 42 ، وَالْقِسْطُ النَّفْسُ بِالنَّفْسِ ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَتْ :أَفَحُكْمَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَبْغُونَ سورة المائدة آية 50 " ، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد : قُرَيْظَةُ ، وَالنَّضِيرُ جَمِيعًا مِنْ وَلَدِ هَارُونَ النَّبِيِّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام .
Narrated Abdullah Ibn Abbas: Qurayzah and Nadir (were two Jewish tribes). An-Nadir were nobler than Qurayzah. When a man of Qurayzah killed a man of an-Nadir, he would be killed. But if a man of an-Nadir killed a man of Qurayzah, a hundred wasq of dates would be paid as blood-money. When Prophethood was bestowed upon the Prophet ﷺ, a man of an-Nadir killed a man of Qurayzah. They said: Give him to us, we shall kill him. They replied: We have the Prophet ﷺ between you and us. So they came to him. Thereupon the following verse was revealed: "If thou judge, judge in equity between them. " "In equity" means life for a life. The following verse was then revealed: "Do they seek of a judgment of (the days) ignorance?" Abu Dawud said: Quraizah and al-Nadir were the descendants of Harun the Prophet ﷺ
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
The system of retribution (qisas) was also present among the Children of Israel, and all human lives are equal—no nation or tribe has any superiority over another.
Islam abolished the concept of superiority based on tribe and clan, and made faith (iman) and piety (taqwa) the standard of excellence.
Also, according to our esteemed researcher, this narration has a weak chain of transmission; however, other scholars have declared it authentic.
The system of retribution (qisas) was also present among the Children of Israel, and all human lives are equal—no nation or tribe has any superiority over another.
Islam abolished the concept of superiority based on tribe and clan, and made faith (iman) and piety (taqwa) the standard of excellence.
Also, according to our esteemed researcher, this narration has a weak chain of transmission; however, other scholars have declared it authentic.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 4494
