سنن ابي داود

Abu Dawud

 كتاب الحدود

Prescribed Punishments (Kitab Al-Hudud)

باب الْحُكْمِ فِيمَنِ ارْتَدَّ

Chapter: Ruling on one who apostatizes.

Hadith 4353

اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ الْبَاهِلِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا ، قَالَتْ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَّا بِإِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ : رَجُلٌ زَنَى بَعْدَ إِحْصَانٍ فَإِنَّهُ يُرْجَمُ ، وَرَجُلٌ خَرَجَ مُحَارِبًا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَإِنَّهُ يُقْتَلُ أَوْ يُصْلَبُ أَوْ يُنْفَى مِنَ الْأَرْضِ ، أَوْ يَقْتُلُ نَفْسًا فَيُقْتَلُ بِهَا " .
Narrated Aishah, Ummul Muminin: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ Said: The blood of a Muslim man who testifies that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is Allah's Messenger should not lawfully be shed except only for one of three reasons: a man who committed fornication after marriage, in which case he should be stoned; one who goes forth to fight with Allah and His Messenger, in which case he should be killed or crucified or exiled from the land; or one who commits murder for which he is killed.
Hadith Reference سنن ابي داود / كتاب الحدود / 4353
Hadith Grading الألبانی: صحيح  |  زبیر علی زئی: إسناده صحيح, مشكوة المصابيح (3544), أخرجه النسائي (1453 وسنده حسن)
Hadith Takhrij « سنن النسائی/المحاربة 9 (4053)، (تحفة الأشراف: 16326)، وقد أخرجہ: مسند احمد ( 6/181، 214) (صحیح) »
Related hadith on this topic
Nasai: 4022 Nasai: 4053 Nasai: 4747 Bulugh al-Maram: 994
Explanation & Benefits
Nasai — Hadith 4022
´It was narrated that 'Amr bin Ghalib said:` "Aishah said: 'Do you not know that the Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: It is not permissible to shed the blood of a Muslim, except a man who committed adultery after being married, or one who reverted to Kufr after becoming Muslim, or a life for a life.'"
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
If a slave commits adultery, even if he is married, he will not be subjected to stoning (rajm), because for him the prescribed punishment (hadd) is half. And that is fifty lashes; stoning cannot be halved.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 4022
Nasai — Hadith 4053
´It was narrated from 'Aishah that:` The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: "It is not permissible to shed the blood of a Muslim except in three cases: An adulterer who had been married, who should be stoned to death; a man who killed another man intentionally, who should be killed; and a man who left Islam and waged war against Allah, the Might and Sublime, and His Messenger, who should be killed, or crucified, or banished from the land."
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
(1) The relevance of the hadith to the chapter is absolutely clear.
(2) It is understood that, in the case of bandits, rebels, and apostates, the ruler has the authority to choose any one of the aforementioned punishments; that is, he may increase or decrease the punishment according to the nature of the crime. And Allah knows best.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 4053
Nasai — Hadith 4747
´It was narrated from 'Aishah, the Mother of the Believers, that the Messenger of Allah said:` "It is not permissible to kill a Muslim except in one of three cases: A adulterer who has been married, who is to be stoned; a man who kills a Muslim deliberately; and a man who leaves Islam and wages war against Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, and His Messenger, who is to be killed, crucified or banished from the land."
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
The author's (rahimahullah) argument is based on the apparent wording, that it is not permissible to kill any Muslim except for these three crimes. And among them, the second crime is the killing of a Muslim, not a disbeliever (kafir). This argument is also supported by the forthcoming ahadith, in which it is explicitly stated that a Muslim will not be killed in retaliation for a disbeliever. As for "al-nafs bil-nafs" (a life for a life), this is not general, because no one holds the opinion that a Muslim may be killed in retaliation for a harbi disbeliever (a disbeliever at war with Muslims). Just as the harbi disbeliever is excluded, in the same way, based on these ahadith, the dhimmi disbeliever (a non-Muslim under Muslim protection) is also excluded. (For further details, see: Fawaid wa Masail Hadith: 4738)
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 4747
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