Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
Benefit: It is obligatory upon the leader (amir)
to widely promote enjoining good (amr bil-ma'ruf) and forbidding evil (nahi 'anil-munkar) among his subjects.
And he should appoint such qualified individuals
who are able to fulfill this duty as it truly deserves.
Other than them, those who do not possess the capability of knowledge and understanding (fiqh), if they themselves assume this position, it can generally become a cause of corruption.
And in reality, this issue pertains to the matters of Islam.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 3665
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Hadith Authentication:
Its chain of narration is hasan (good).
This narration has several other chains and supporting evidences, with which it is sahih li ghayrihi (authentic due to corroborating chains).
Jurisprudence of the Hadith:
➊ It is said that those who speak to the people are of three types:
A reminder-giver (mudhakkir), a preacher (wa‘iz), and a storyteller (qass).
The reminder-giver (mudhakkir) is the one who reminds people of Allah’s blessings and demands that they show gratitude to Allah.
The preacher (wa‘iz) is the one who warns people of Allah’s punishment so that they may avoid sins.
The storyteller (qass) is the one who narrates stories of the predecessors before the people, and there is a risk of addition or omission in them. [معالم السنن للخطابي ج4 ص188، ملخصاً]
➋ In the mentioned narration, by “amir” is meant the Muslim ruler and one in authority. See: [الكاشف عن حقائق السنن] i.e. [شرح الطيبي 1؍437] and [مرقاة المفاتيح 1؍502]
◄ In ‘Awn al-Ma‘bud it is stated:
«إلا أمير أى حاكم»
“Except for the amir, that is, the ruler.” [3؍362]
↰ It is thus clear that in this hadith, the “paper leaders” of paper organizations and self-appointed amirs are not meant; rather, what is meant is the legitimate ruler with authority and the caliph.
◄ Whether it is the “registered Jama‘at al-Muslimeen” of the takfiris and kharijites, or other such groups, all these are invalid and erroneous due to being contrary to «ولا تفرقوا», therefore, according to «فاعتزل تلك الفرق كلها», it is necessary to avoid them.
➌ It has also been said that this hadith is regarding the sermon (khutbah). See: [شرح السنه للبغوي 1؍303 ح142]
➍ In this hadith, there is not a prohibition (mamnū‘) of «لا», but rather a negation of occurrence and information, i.e., generally these three types of people do this work. See: [شرح الطيبي 1؍437]
➎ There is a hasan li dhatihi (intrinsically good) supporting narration for this hadith in [مسند احمد 2؍178 ح6661].
➏ If the caliph or Muslim ruler does not exist, then according to «بلغوا عني ولو آية» and other evidences, it is permissible, rather better, for the rightly-guided scholars to deliver admonitions and sermons.
➐ The narrator of the mentioned hadith in Sunan Abi Dawud, ‘Abbad ibn ‘Abbad al-Khawwas, was trustworthy (thiqah). See my book: [نور العينين ص338]
➑ Also see: [سنن ابن ماجه 3753، اضواء المصابيح حديث: 241]
Source: Adwa al-Masabih fi Tahqiq Mishkat al-Masabih, Page: 240