سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب الأقضيةThe Office of the Judge (Kitab Al-Aqdiyah)
باب الْقَضَاءِ بِالْيَمِينِ وَالشَّاهِدِChapter: Judgement on the basis of oath and one witness.
Hadith 3612
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمَّارُ بْنُ شُعَيْثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْبِ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ جَدِّي الزُّبَيْبَ ، يَقُولُ : " بَعَثَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَيْشًا إِلَى بَنِي الْعَنْبَرِ ، فَأَخَذُوهُمْ بِرُكْبَةَ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الطَّائِفِ فَاسْتَاقُوهُمْ ، إِلَى نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَرَكِبْتُ فَسَبَقْتُهُمْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقُلْتُ : السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ ، أَتَانَا جُنْدُكَ فَأَخَذُونَا ، وَقَدْ كُنَّا أَسْلَمْنَا وَخَضْرَمْنَا آذَانَ النَّعَمِ ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ بَلْعَنْبَرِ ، قَالَ لِي نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : هَلْ لَكُمْ بَيِّنَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّكُمْ أَسْلَمْتُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُؤْخَذُوا فِي هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامِ ؟ ، قُلْتُ : نَعَمْ ، قَالَ : مَنْ بَيِّنَتُكَ ؟ ، قُلْتُ : سَمُرَةُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي الْعَنْبَرِ ، وَرَجُلٌ آخَرُ سَمَّاهُ لَهُ ، فَشَهِدَ الرَّجُلُ ، وَأَبَى سَمُرَةُ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ ، فَقَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : قَدْ أَبَى أَنْ يَشْهَدَ لَكَ فَتَحْلِفُ مَعَ شَاهِدِكَ الْآخَرِ ، قُلْتُ : نَعَمْ ، فَاسْتَحْلَفَنِي ، فَحَلَفْتُ بِاللَّهِ ، لَقَدْ أَسْلَمْنَا يَوْمَ كَذَا وَكَذَا ، وَخَضْرَمْنَا آذَانَ النَّعَمِ ، فَقَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : اذْهَبُوا ، فَقَاسِمُوهُمْ أَنْصَافَ الْأَمْوَالِ ، وَلَا تَمَسُّوا ذَرَارِيَّهُمْ ، لَوْلَا أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ ضَلَالَةَ الْعَمَلَ مَا رَزَيْنَاكُمْ عِقَالًا ، قَالَ الزُّبَيْبُ : فَدَعَتْنِي أُمِّي ، فَقَالَتْ : هَذَا الرَّجُلُ أَخَذَ زِرْبِيَّتِي ، فَانْصَرَفْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعْنِي فَأَخْبَرْتُه ، فَقَالَ لِي : احْبِسْهُ ، فَأَخَذْتُ بِتَلْبِيبِهِ ، وَقُمْتُ مَعَهُ مَكَانَنَا ، ثُمَّ نَظَرَ إِلَيْنَا نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَائِمَيْنِ ، فَقَالَ : مَا تُرِيدُ بِأَسِيرِكَ ؟ ، فَأَرْسَلْتُهُ مِنْ يَدِي ، فَقَامَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ لِلرَّجُلِ : رُدَّ عَلَى هَذَا زِرْبِيَّةَ أُمِّهِ الَّتِي أَخَذْتَ مِنْهَا ، فَقَالَ : يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّهَا خَرَجَتْ مِنْ يَدِي ، قَالَ : فَاخْتَلَعَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَيْفَ الرَّجُلِ فَأَعْطَانِيهِ ، وَقَالَ لِلرَّجُلِ : اذْهَبْ فَزِدْهُ آصُعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ ، قَالَ : فَزَادَنِي آصُعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ " .
Narrated Zubayb ibn Thalabah al-Anbari: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent an army to Banu al-Anbar. They captured them at Rukbah in the suburbs of at-Taif and drove them to the Holy Prophet ﷺ. I rode hurriedly to the Holy Prophet ﷺ and said: Peace be on you, Messenger of Allah, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Your contingent came to us and arrested us, but we had already embraced Islam and cut the sides of the ears of our cattle. When Banu al-Anbar arrived, the Holy Prophet ﷺ said to me: Have you any evidence that you had embraced Islam before you were captured today? I said: Yes. He said: Who is your witness? I said: Samurah, a man from Banu al-Anbar, and another man whom he named. The man testified but Samurah refused to testify. The Holy Prophet ﷺ said: He (Samurah) has refused to testify for you, so take an oath with your other witness. I said: Yes. He then dictated an oath to me and I swore to the effect that we had embraced Islam on a certain day, and that we had cut the sides of the ears of the cattle. The Holy Prophet ﷺ said: Go and divide half of their property, but do not touch their children. Had Allah not disliked the wastage of action, we should not have taxed you even a rope. Zubayb said: My mother called me and said: This man has taken my mattress. I then went to the Holy Prophet ﷺ and informed him. He said to me: Detain him. So I caught him with a garment around his neck, and stood there with him. Then the Holy Prophet ﷺ looked at us standing there. He asked: What do you intend (doing) with your captive? I said: I shall let him go free if he returns to this (man) the mattress of his mother which he has taken from her. He said: Prophet of Allah ﷺ, I no longer have it. He said: The Holy Prophet ﷺ took the sword of the man and gave it to me, and said to him: Go and give him some sa's of cereal. So he gave me some sa's of barley.
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
Benefit: This narration is weak in its chain of transmission.
Imam Abu Dawud most likely included it to draw attention to it.
That if the claimant cannot present two witnesses,
then with one witness he will take an oath,
so that the required number of testimonies is completed.
From the wording of the previous authentic narration, it is also clear that the deficiency of one witness can be compensated by an oath.
If not even a single witness is present, then the oath will be for the defendant,
as has been stated in Hadith (3619).
Benefit: This narration is weak in its chain of transmission.
Imam Abu Dawud most likely included it to draw attention to it.
That if the claimant cannot present two witnesses,
then with one witness he will take an oath,
so that the required number of testimonies is completed.
From the wording of the previous authentic narration, it is also clear that the deficiency of one witness can be compensated by an oath.
If not even a single witness is present, then the oath will be for the defendant,
as has been stated in Hadith (3619).
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 3612
