Abu Dawud

Benefits and Issues:
There is a difference of opinion regarding the chapter before this hadith.
In some copies, the chapter is "Chapter on exchanging dates for dates."
However, in this matter as well, by "al-tamr" is meant the fruit of the date-palm itself.
Therefore, despite the difference in the copies, the matter remains the same.

Explanation:
1:
From this, the ruling is also understood that if a particular matter is not already known to the knowledge and experience of the mufti, then before issuing a fatwa, he should investigate the issue.

Benefits and Issues:
➊ Sult (without husk) is a particular type of grain which, in terms of lacking a husk, resembles wheat, and in its natural properties, resembles barley. In any case, it is counted as a type of barley.

➋ The exchange of dry dates and fresh dates with each other is prohibited, even if it is hand to hand.

➌ Dry dates and fresh dates apparently belong to the same category, so the exchange of their types should be permissible. However, the reason for its prohibition is that, although they appear to be of equal weight, in reality, they are not of equal weight.

(1) Since fresh dates decrease in quantity after drying, one of the parties suffers a loss. This is a form of usury (riba) itself; therefore, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) forbade it.

(2) From this blessed hadith, it is also learned that the Lawgiver (shari‘ alayhi as-salam) did not merely state the prohibition of things, but often also explained the reason for the prohibition, so that people would refrain from the forbidden matter with full insight, and so that their hearts would be completely at ease regarding the forbidden matter. As in the mentioned issue, he asked those present: “Does the weight of fresh dates decrease after drying?” They replied: “Yes, indeed!” Certainly, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was already aware of this fact, but he asked them so that the reason for the prohibition would become absolutely clear to them.

(3) It is forbidden to consume people’s wealth by any false means. Allah the Exalted says: “O you who have believed! Do not consume one another’s wealth among yourselves by false and unlawful means.”

Benefit:
Qiyas (analogical reasoning) and ijtihad (independent juristic reasoning) are valid. The prohibition of selling clean barley mixed with unclean barley is not mentioned in the Qur’an or Hadith, but there is evidence regarding the sale of dry dates mixed with fresh dates, and the underlying cause (‘illah) in that is harm (darar) and uncertainty (gharar). The same cause is present in the case of clean and unclean barley, and thus it has been analogized to it. From this, it is also established that, like all the Companions (radi Allahu anhum), Sayyiduna Sa’d (radi Allahu anhu) was also a jurist (faqih), a mujtahid, and a Companion endowed with insight.