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سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب البيوعCommercial Transactions (Kitab Al-Buyu)
باب فِي التَّشْدِيدِ فِي الدَّيْنِChapter: Regarding The Stern Warning About Debt.
Hadith 3343
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ الْعَسْقَلَانِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ ، قَالَ : " كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا يُصَلِّي عَلَى رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ ، فَأُتِيَ بِمَيِّتٍ ، فَقَالَ : أَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ ؟ ، قَالُوا : نَعَمْ ، دِينَارَانِ ، قَالَ : صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ ، فَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ : هُمَا عَلَيَّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : أَنَا أَوْلَى بِكُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ ، فَمَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا ، فَعَلَيَّ قَضَاؤُهُ ، وَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا ، فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ " ،
Narrated Jabir ibn Abdullah: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would not say funeral prayer over a person who died while the debt was due from him. A dead Muslim was brought to him and he asked: Is there any debt due from him? They (the people) said: Yes, two dirhams. He said: Pray yourselves over your companion. Then Abu Qatadah al-Ansari said: I shall pay them, Messenger of Allah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then prayed over him. When Allah granted conquests to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he said: I am nearer to every believer than himself, so if anyone (dies and) leaves a debt, I shall be responsible for paying it; and if anyone leaves property, it goes to his heirs.
Related hadith on this topic
Brief Explanation
1؎: The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) adopted such a strict attitude so that people's rights would not be lost.
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Safi ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri
Takhrij:
«أخرجه أبوداود، البيوع، باب في التشديد في الدين، حديث:3343، والنسائي، الجنائز، حديث:1964، وأحمد:3 /330، 5 /297، 304، وابن حبان (الإحسان):5 /25 ،26، حديث:3048.»©Explanation:
➊ Guaranteeing the payment of a debt on behalf of the deceased is valid.
➋ The guarantor cannot take the guaranteed amount from the inheritance of the deceased; he must pay the guaranteed sum from his own pocket.
➌ The financial rights of the deceased, which were obligatory upon him—such as Hajj, zakat, repayment of debts, etc.—benefit him, and if someone else fulfills them on his behalf, they are considered fulfilled.
➍ Whether it is a debt or other rights of the servants (‘huquq al-‘ibad’), they are never nullified until they are paid or the rightful owner or creditor himself forgives them; they are not automatically forgiven even after death.
➎ Taking a loan is a very serious and grave matter; one should avoid taking loans as much as possible. If, due to extreme necessity and unavoidable need, one does take a loan, then one should be concerned with repaying it as soon as possible.
«أخرجه أبوداود، البيوع، باب في التشديد في الدين، حديث:3343، والنسائي، الجنائز، حديث:1964، وأحمد:3 /330، 5 /297، 304، وابن حبان (الإحسان):5 /25 ،26، حديث:3048.»©Explanation:
➊ Guaranteeing the payment of a debt on behalf of the deceased is valid.
➋ The guarantor cannot take the guaranteed amount from the inheritance of the deceased; he must pay the guaranteed sum from his own pocket.
➌ The financial rights of the deceased, which were obligatory upon him—such as Hajj, zakat, repayment of debts, etc.—benefit him, and if someone else fulfills them on his behalf, they are considered fulfilled.
➍ Whether it is a debt or other rights of the servants (‘huquq al-‘ibad’), they are never nullified until they are paid or the rightful owner or creditor himself forgives them; they are not automatically forgiven even after death.
➎ Taking a loan is a very serious and grave matter; one should avoid taking loans as much as possible. If, due to extreme necessity and unavoidable need, one does take a loan, then one should be concerned with repaying it as soon as possible.
Source: Bulugh al-Maram: Commentary by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, Page: 739
