سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب الخراج والفيء والإمارةTribute, Spoils, and Rulership (Kitab Al-Kharaj, Wal-Fai Wal-Imarah)
باب فِي تَعْشِيرِ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ إِذَا اخْتَلَفُوا بِالتِّجَارَاتِChapter: Levying The ’Ushur On Ahl Adh-Dhimmah If They Deal In Trade.
Hadith 3050
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى ، حَدَّثَنَا أَشْعَثُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَرْطَاةُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ حَكِيمَ بْنَ عُمَيْرٍ أَبَا الأَحْوَصِ ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ الْعِرْبَاضِ بْنِ سَارِيَةَ السُّلَمِيِّ ، قَالَ : نَزَلْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَيْبَرَ وَمَعَهُ مَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ ، وَكَانَ صَاحِبُ خَيْبَرَ رَجُلًا مَارِدًا مُنْكَرًا فَأَقْبَلَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَلَكُمْ أَنْ تَذْبَحُوا حُمُرَنَا وَتَأْكُلُوا ثَمَرَنَا وَتَضْرِبُوا نِسَاءَنَا ، فَغَضِبَ يَعْنِي النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَالَ : " يَا ابْنَ عَوْفٍ ارْكَبْ فَرَسَكَ ثُمَّ نَادِ أَلَا إِنَّ الْجَنَّةَ لَا تَحِلُّ إِلَّا لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَأَنْ اجْتَمِعُوا لِلصَّلَاةِ ، قَالَ : فَاجْتَمَعُوا ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بِهِمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَقَالَ : أَيَحْسَبُ أَحَدُكُمْ مُتَّكِئًا عَلَى أَرِيكَتِهِ قَدْ يَظُنُّ أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يُحَرِّمْ شَيْئًا إِلَّا مَا فِي هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ أَلَا وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ قَدْ وَعَظْتُ وَأَمَرْتُ وَنَهَيْتُ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ إِنَّهَا لَمِثْلُ الْقُرْآنِ أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَمْ يُحِلَّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنٍ وَلَا ضَرْبَ نِسَائِهِمْ وَلَا أَكْلَ ثِمَارِهِمْ إِذَا أَعْطَوْكُمُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِمْ " .
Narrated Al-Irbad ibn Sariyah as-Sulami: We alighted with the Prophet ﷺ at Khaybar, and he had his companions with him. The chief of Khaybar was a defiant and abominable man. He came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: Is it proper for you, Muhammad, that you slaughter our donkeys, eat our fruit, and beat our women? The Prophet ﷺ became angry and said: Ibn Awf, ride your horse, and call loudly: Beware, Paradise is lawful only for a believer, and that they (the people) should gather for prayer. They gathered and the Prophet ﷺ led them in prayer, stood up and said: Does any of you, while reclining on his couch, imagine that Allah has prohibited only that which is to be found in this Quran? By Allah, I have preached, commanded and prohibited various matters as numerous as that which is found in the Quran, or more numerous. Allah has not permitted you to enter the houses of the people of the Book without permission, or beat their women, or eat their fruits when they give you that which is imposed on them.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
This narration is weak in its chain of transmission.
In these narrations, the word (ʿushūr) has probably been used due to similarity.
Otherwise, ʿushr (one-tenth) is also levied on the agricultural income of Muslims.
Note:
This narration is weak in its chain of transmission.
However, it is evidence for the authority of the Sunnah.
And this same subject is found in other authentic ahadith as well, for example, see:
(Sunan Abi Dawud,
regarding adherence to the Sunnah,
Hadith 4604, and those that follow) and above all, this is also the very call of the Noble Qur’an itself.
For example: (Whoever obeys the Messenger has indeed obeyed Allah) (al-Nisa: 80) (And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has certainly attained a great success) (al-Ahzab: 71) (And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger and fears Allah and is conscious of Him—it is those who are the successful) (al-Nur: 52) (Say: Obey Allah and the Messenger) (Al Imran: 32) (O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and do not invalidate your deeds) (Muhammad: 33) (And whoever opposes the Messenger after guidance has become clear to him and follows other than the way of the believers—We will turn him to what he has turned to and burn him in Hell, and evil it is as a destination) (al-Nisa: 115) (And whatever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatever he forbids you from, abstain from it) (al-Hashr: 7)
This narration is weak in its chain of transmission.
In these narrations, the word (ʿushūr) has probably been used due to similarity.
Otherwise, ʿushr (one-tenth) is also levied on the agricultural income of Muslims.
Note:
This narration is weak in its chain of transmission.
However, it is evidence for the authority of the Sunnah.
And this same subject is found in other authentic ahadith as well, for example, see:
(Sunan Abi Dawud,
regarding adherence to the Sunnah,
Hadith 4604, and those that follow) and above all, this is also the very call of the Noble Qur’an itself.
For example: (Whoever obeys the Messenger has indeed obeyed Allah) (al-Nisa: 80) (And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has certainly attained a great success) (al-Ahzab: 71) (And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger and fears Allah and is conscious of Him—it is those who are the successful) (al-Nur: 52) (Say: Obey Allah and the Messenger) (Al Imran: 32) (O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and do not invalidate your deeds) (Muhammad: 33) (And whoever opposes the Messenger after guidance has become clear to him and follows other than the way of the believers—We will turn him to what he has turned to and burn him in Hell, and evil it is as a destination) (al-Nisa: 115) (And whatever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatever he forbids you from, abstain from it) (al-Hashr: 7)
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 3050
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Hadith Authentication
The chain of narration (isnad) of this narration is weak.
The narrator of this narration, Ash’ath ibn Shu’bah, is weak according to the preferred opinion. Only Ibn Hibban declared him trustworthy (thiqah), while Abu Zur’ah and others have declared him weak.
His authentication by Imam Abu Dawud is not established, because the narrator of this authentication is of unknown status (majhul al-hal).
◄ Hafiz Dhahabi said regarding Ash’ath ibn Shu’bah:
«ليس بقوي» “He is not strong.” [ديوان الضعفاء : 473]
◄ In Tahrir Taqrib al-Tahdhib [ج1 ص146 ت525], he has been declared «صدوق حسن الحديث» due to the authentication of Abu Dawud and Ibn Hibban, which is incorrect. Also see: [كشف الإبهام لما تضمنه تحرير التقريب من الأوهام ص256]
Note ①:
Apart from Ash’ath ibn Shu’bah, the rest of the chain is hasan (good).
The chain of narration (isnad) of this narration is weak.
The narrator of this narration, Ash’ath ibn Shu’bah, is weak according to the preferred opinion. Only Ibn Hibban declared him trustworthy (thiqah), while Abu Zur’ah and others have declared him weak.
His authentication by Imam Abu Dawud is not established, because the narrator of this authentication is of unknown status (majhul al-hal).
◄ Hafiz Dhahabi said regarding Ash’ath ibn Shu’bah:
«ليس بقوي» “He is not strong.” [ديوان الضعفاء : 473]
◄ In Tahrir Taqrib al-Tahdhib [ج1 ص146 ت525], he has been declared «صدوق حسن الحديث» due to the authentication of Abu Dawud and Ibn Hibban, which is incorrect. Also see: [كشف الإبهام لما تضمنه تحرير التقريب من الأوهام ص256]
Note ①:
Apart from Ash’ath ibn Shu’bah, the rest of the chain is hasan (good).
Source: Adwa al-Masabih fi Tahqiq Mishkat al-Masabih, Page: 164
