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سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب الخراج والفيء والإمارةTribute, Spoils, and Rulership (Kitab Al-Kharaj, Wal-Fai Wal-Imarah)
باب فِي أَخْذِ الْجِزْيَةِChapter: Regarding Levying The Jizyah.
Hadith 3037
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ ، حَدَّثَنَا سَهْلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاق ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى أُكَيْدِرِ دُومَةَ فَأُخِذَ فَأَتَوْهُ بِهِ ، فَحَقَنَ لَهُ دَمَهُ وَصَالَحَهُ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ .
Narrated Anas ibn Malik ; Uthman ibn Abu Sulayman: The Prophet ﷺ sent Khalid ibn al-Walid to Ukaydir of Dumah. He was seized and they brought him to him (i. e. the Prophet). He spared his life and made peace with him on condition that he should pay jizyah (poll-tax).
Related hadith on this topic
Brief Explanation
1؎: Ukaydir was the Christian king of the city of Dumah, and the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) had ordered that he be brought alive.
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
➊
The Islamic state takes a tax from its non-Muslim subjects.
This is taken in exchange for their convenience, residence, and the protection of their lives, wealth, and honor.
And they are not obligated with responsibilities such as guarding the borders and (defense) fighting.
This tax is called jizyah.
In the Noble Qur’an, it is stated:
(QĀTILŪ ALLADHĪNA LĀ YU’MINŪNA BILLAHI WALĀ BIL-YAWM AL-ĀKHIRI WALĀ YUḤARRIMŪNA MĀ ḤARRAMA ALLĀHU WARASŪLUHU WALĀ YADĪNŪNA DĪN AL-ḤAQQI MIN ALLADHĪNA ŪTŪ AL-KITĀBA ḤATTĀ YU‘ṬŪ AL-JIZYATA ‘AN YADIN WAHUM ṢĀGHIRŪN) (al-Tawbah: 29)
Fight those who do not believe in Allah, nor in the Last Day, nor forbid what Allah and His Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) have forbidden, nor follow the religion of truth, from those who were given the Book, until they pay the jizyah with their own hands while they are humbled.
Muslims pay zakat for the welfare of the Muslim society.
This is an honor.
Zakat is not collected from non-Muslim subjects.
Rather, jizyah is collected from them in a lesser amount.
➋
Ukaydir of Duma was a Ghassani Arab.
And this is evidence that it is necessary to take jizyah from non-Muslim Arabs as well,
just as it is taken from non-Arabs.
➊
The Islamic state takes a tax from its non-Muslim subjects.
This is taken in exchange for their convenience, residence, and the protection of their lives, wealth, and honor.
And they are not obligated with responsibilities such as guarding the borders and (defense) fighting.
This tax is called jizyah.
In the Noble Qur’an, it is stated:
(QĀTILŪ ALLADHĪNA LĀ YU’MINŪNA BILLAHI WALĀ BIL-YAWM AL-ĀKHIRI WALĀ YUḤARRIMŪNA MĀ ḤARRAMA ALLĀHU WARASŪLUHU WALĀ YADĪNŪNA DĪN AL-ḤAQQI MIN ALLADHĪNA ŪTŪ AL-KITĀBA ḤATTĀ YU‘ṬŪ AL-JIZYATA ‘AN YADIN WAHUM ṢĀGHIRŪN) (al-Tawbah: 29)
Fight those who do not believe in Allah, nor in the Last Day, nor forbid what Allah and His Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) have forbidden, nor follow the religion of truth, from those who were given the Book, until they pay the jizyah with their own hands while they are humbled.
Muslims pay zakat for the welfare of the Muslim society.
This is an honor.
Zakat is not collected from non-Muslim subjects.
Rather, jizyah is collected from them in a lesser amount.
➋
Ukaydir of Duma was a Ghassani Arab.
And this is evidence that it is necessary to take jizyah from non-Muslim Arabs as well,
just as it is taken from non-Arabs.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 3037
Shaykh Safi ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri
Takhrij:
«أخرجه أبوداود، الخراج، باب في أخذ الجزية، حديث:3037.»©Explanation:
➊ This hadith proves that it is permissible to take jizyah from the Arab People of the Book as well.
➋ Ukaydir was a Christian chief among the Arabs and belonged to the Ghassani tribe.
(Sabil al-Salam) © Hadith Narrator:
«حضرت عاصم بن عمر رحمہ اللہ » Abu ‘Umar ‘Asim ibn ‘Umar ibn Qatadah ibn Nu‘man al-Ansari was trustworthy (thiqah), a Tabi‘i, and narrated many ahadith.
He was a great transmitter of religious knowledge and well-versed in the knowledge of Maghazi (military expeditions) and Sirah (biography of the Prophet).
There are differing reports regarding the year of his death: 119, 120, 121, 127, or 129 AH, etc.
«حضرت عثمان بن ابو سلیمان رحمہ اللہ » ‘Uthman ibn Abi Sulayman ibn Jubayr ibn Mut‘im was the judge (qadi) of Makkah.
Imam Ahmad, Ibn Ma‘in, and Abu Hatim rahimahumullah declared him trustworthy (thiqah).
Since ‘Uthman was a Tabi‘i, this narration of ‘Asim is connected (muttasil) from Anas radi Allahu anhu and mursal from ‘Uthman.
«أخرجه أبوداود، الخراج، باب في أخذ الجزية، حديث:3037.»©Explanation:
➊ This hadith proves that it is permissible to take jizyah from the Arab People of the Book as well.
➋ Ukaydir was a Christian chief among the Arabs and belonged to the Ghassani tribe.
(Sabil al-Salam) © Hadith Narrator:
«حضرت عاصم بن عمر رحمہ اللہ » Abu ‘Umar ‘Asim ibn ‘Umar ibn Qatadah ibn Nu‘man al-Ansari was trustworthy (thiqah), a Tabi‘i, and narrated many ahadith.
He was a great transmitter of religious knowledge and well-versed in the knowledge of Maghazi (military expeditions) and Sirah (biography of the Prophet).
There are differing reports regarding the year of his death: 119, 120, 121, 127, or 129 AH, etc.
«حضرت عثمان بن ابو سلیمان رحمہ اللہ » ‘Uthman ibn Abi Sulayman ibn Jubayr ibn Mut‘im was the judge (qadi) of Makkah.
Imam Ahmad, Ibn Ma‘in, and Abu Hatim rahimahumullah declared him trustworthy (thiqah).
Since ‘Uthman was a Tabi‘i, this narration of ‘Asim is connected (muttasil) from Anas radi Allahu anhu and mursal from ‘Uthman.
Source: Bulugh al-Maram: Commentary by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, Page: 1124
