سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب الخراج والفيء والإمارةTribute, Spoils, and Rulership (Kitab Al-Kharaj, Wal-Fai Wal-Imarah)
باب فِي خَبَرِ النَّضِيرِChapter: Regarding The Incidents With An-Nadir.
Hadith 3004
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : أَنَّ كُفَّارَ قُرَيْشٍ كَتَبُوا إِلَى ابْنِ أُبَيٍّ وَمَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ مَعَهُ الأَوْثَانَ مِن الأَوْسِ وَ الْخَزْرَجِ ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَبْلَ وَقْعَةِ بَدْرٍ إِنَّكُمْ آوَيْتُمْ صَاحِبَنَا وَإِنَّا نُقْسِمُ بِاللَّهِ لَتُقَاتِلُنَّهُ أَوْ لَتُخْرِجُنَّهُ أَوْ لَنَسِيرَنَّ إِلَيْكُمْ بِأَجْمَعِنَا حَتَّى نَقْتُلَ مُقَاتِلَتَكُمْ وَنَسْتَبِيحَ نِسَاءَكُمْ ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أُبَيٍّ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ عَبَدَةِ الأَوْثَانِ اجْتَمَعُوا لِقِتَالِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَقِيَهُمْ فَقَالَ : " لَقَدْ بَلَغَ وَعِيدُ قُرَيْشٍ مِنْكُمُ الْمَبَالِغَ مَا كَانَتْ تَكِيدُكُمْ بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَكِيدُوا بِهِ أَنْفُسَكُمْ تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلُوا أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُمْ ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعُوا ذَلِكَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَفَرَّقُوا ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ كُفَّارَ قُرَيْشٍ فَكَتَبَتْ كُفَّارُ قُرَيْشٍ بَعْدَ وَقْعَةِ بَدْرٍ إِلَى الْيَهُودِ إِنَّكُمْ أَهْلُ الْحَلْقَةِ وَالْحُصُونِ وَإِنَّكُمْ لَتُقَاتِلُنَّ صَاحِبَنَا أَوْ لَنَفْعَلَنَّ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَلَا يَحُولُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ خَدَمِ نِسَائِكُمْ شَيْءٌ وَهِيَ الْخَلَاخِيلُ ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ كِتَابُهُمُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَجْمَعَتْ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ بِالْغَدْرِ فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اخْرُجْ إِلَيْنَا فِي ثَلَاثِينَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ وَلْيَخْرُجْ مِنَّا ثَلَاثُونَ حَبْرًا حَتَّى نَلْتَقِيَ بِمَكَانِ الْمَنْصَفِ فَيَسْمَعُوا مِنْكَ فَإِنْ صَدَّقُوكَ وَآمَنُوا بِكَ آمَنَّا بِكَ فَقَصَّ خَبَرَهُمْ ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ غَدَا عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْكَتَائِبِ فَحَصَرَهُمْ فَقَالَ : لَهُمْ إِنَّكُمْ وَاللَّهِ لَا تَأْمَنُونَ عِنْدِي إِلَّا بِعَهْدٍ تُعَاهِدُونِي عَلَيْهِ " ، فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُعْطُوهُ عَهْدًا فَقَاتَلَهُمْ يَوْمَهُمْ ذَلِكَ ، ثُمَّ غَدَا الْغَدُ عَلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ بِالْكَتَائِبِ وَتَرَكَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ يُعَاهِدُوهُ فَعَاهَدُوهُ فَانْصَرَفَ عَنْهُمْ وَغَدَا عَلَى بَنِي النَّضِيرِ بِالْكَتَائِبِ فَقَاتَلَهُمْ حَتَّى نَزَلُوا عَلَى الْجَلَاءِ فَجَلَتْ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ وَاحْتَمَلُوا مَا أَقَلَّتِ الإِبِلُ مِنْ أَمْتِعَتِهِمْ وَأَبْوَابِ بُيُوتِهِمْ وَخَشَبِهَا ، فَكَانَ نَخْلُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَاصَّةً أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ إِيَّاهَا وَخَصَّهُ بِهَا فَقَالَ : وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلا رِكَابٍ سورة الحشر آية 6 ، يَقُولُ : بِغَيْرِ قِتَالٍ ، فَأَعْطَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَكْثَرَهَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ ، وَقَسَمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ وَقَسَمَ مِنْهَا لِرَجُلَيْنِ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ ، وَكَانَا ذَوِي حَاجَةٍ لَمْ يَقْسِمْ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ غَيْرِهِمَا ، وَبَقِيَ مِنْهَا صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّتِي فِي أَيْدِي بَنِي فَاطِمَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا .
Narrated A man from the companions of the Prophet: Abdur Rahman ibn Kab ibn Malik reported on the authority of a man from among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ: The infidels of the Quraysh wrote (a letter) to Ibn Ubayy and to those who worshipped idols from al-Aws and al-Khazraj, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was at that time at Madina before the battle of Badr. (They wrote): You gave protection to our companion. We swear by Allah, you should fight him or expel him, or we shall come to you in full force, until we kill your fighters and appropriate your women. When this (news) reached Abdullah ibn Ubayy and those who were worshippers of idols, with him they gathered together to fight the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When this news reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he visited them and said: The threat of the Quraysh to you has reached its end. They cannot contrive a plot against you, greater than what you yourselves intended to harm you. Are you willing to fight your sons and brethren? When they heard this from the Prophet ﷺ, they scattered. This reached the infidels of the Quraysh. The infidels of the Quraysh again wrote (a letter) to the Jews after the battle of Badr: You are men of weapons and fortresses. You should fight our companion or we shall deal with you in a certain way. And nothing will come between us and the anklets of your women. When their letter reached the Prophet ﷺ, they gathered Banu an-Nadir to violate the treaty. They sent a message to the Prophet ﷺ: Come out to us with thirty men from your companions, and thirty rabbis will come out from us till we meet at a central place where they will hear you. If they testify to you and believe in you, we shall believe in you. The narrator then narrated the whole story. When the next day came, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out in the morning with an army, and surrounded them. He told them: I swear by Allah, you will have no peace from me until you conclude a treaty with me. But they refused to conclude a treaty with him. He therefore fought them the same day. Next he attacked Banu Quraysh with an army in the morning, and left Banu an-Nadir. He asked them to sign a treaty and they signed it. He turned away from them and attacked Banu an-Nadir with an army. He fought with them until they agreed to expulsion. Banu an-Nadir were deported, and they took with them whatever their camels could carry, that is, their property, the doors of their houses, and their wood. Palm-trees were exclusively reserved for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Allah bestowed them upon him and gave them him as a special portion. He (Allah), the Exalted, said: What Allah has bestowed on His Messenger (and taken away) from them, for this ye made no expedition with either camel corps or cavalry. " He said: "Without fighting. " So the Prophet ﷺ gave most of it to the emigrants and divided it among them; and he divided some of it between two men from the helpers, who were needy, and he did not divide it among any of the helpers except those two. The rest of it survived as the sadaqah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ which is in the hands of the descendants of Fatimah (Allah be pleased with her).
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
➊
Regarding the threat from the Quraysh of Makkah, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) explained to them that bloodshed also occurs due to attacks from external enemies.
But in comparison, if a nation becomes embroiled in internal conflict and begins to kill or dishonor their own loved ones with their own hands, then there is greater disgrace in that.
If the Quraysh attack, even then the Muslims will be at the forefront in confronting them.
Therefore, they should not be anxious or overawed.
And to become intent on harming their own Muslim relatives in any way is not wise.
➋
The offer from the Jews.
Then regarding the meeting and subsequently the fighting, Allamah Suyuti has written—and this narration is also in Musannaf ‘Abd al-Razzaq—
that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) set out with his thirty Companions, and thirty of their scholars also came.
But they were greatly intimidated.
And some among them said that with sixty or sixty-two people in this gathering, it would be difficult to understand and explain matters.
Therefore, you should bring only three of your Companions (radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in),
and we will also bring three of our scholars.
If they agree, we will become Muslim.
Accordingly, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) set out with his three Companions (radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in), and they also brought three.
But they were armed, and their secret plan was to use this opportunity to kill you (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
A well-wishing woman from Banu Nadir sent a message to her Muslim brother that this was indeed their plan.
So that Ansari (radi Allahu ta‘ala anhu) quickly came to the service of the Noble Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)
before you reached their gathering.
So you declined the meeting.
And after this treachery was exposed, you besieged them the next day.
(Bazl al-Majhud)
➌
In the early days after the Hijrah, the Jews had already entered into the Covenant of Madinah.
But they did not remain committed to it.
Therefore, from time to time, new agreements and covenants became necessary.
This nation was known for treachery—even now it is so.
And then, ultimately, due to their treachery, they had to be expelled from Madinah.
And this incident occurred six months after Badr, before the Battle of Uhud.
➍
When a dhimmi or a party to a treaty does not uphold their covenant, they become as those at war (harbi).
And then fighting against them becomes permissible.
➎
Since there was no formal battle with Banu Nadir,
only a siege occurred, and they agreed to leave the area,
therefore, all the movable and immovable property obtained from them was considered fay’,
the expenditure of which was entirely at your (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) discretion.
And you (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) used this wealth to care for the orphans of the martyrs of Badr and some of the poor among the Muhajirun and Ansar.
➊
Regarding the threat from the Quraysh of Makkah, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) explained to them that bloodshed also occurs due to attacks from external enemies.
But in comparison, if a nation becomes embroiled in internal conflict and begins to kill or dishonor their own loved ones with their own hands, then there is greater disgrace in that.
If the Quraysh attack, even then the Muslims will be at the forefront in confronting them.
Therefore, they should not be anxious or overawed.
And to become intent on harming their own Muslim relatives in any way is not wise.
➋
The offer from the Jews.
Then regarding the meeting and subsequently the fighting, Allamah Suyuti has written—and this narration is also in Musannaf ‘Abd al-Razzaq—
that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) set out with his thirty Companions, and thirty of their scholars also came.
But they were greatly intimidated.
And some among them said that with sixty or sixty-two people in this gathering, it would be difficult to understand and explain matters.
Therefore, you should bring only three of your Companions (radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in),
and we will also bring three of our scholars.
If they agree, we will become Muslim.
Accordingly, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) set out with his three Companions (radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in), and they also brought three.
But they were armed, and their secret plan was to use this opportunity to kill you (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
A well-wishing woman from Banu Nadir sent a message to her Muslim brother that this was indeed their plan.
So that Ansari (radi Allahu ta‘ala anhu) quickly came to the service of the Noble Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)
before you reached their gathering.
So you declined the meeting.
And after this treachery was exposed, you besieged them the next day.
(Bazl al-Majhud)
➌
In the early days after the Hijrah, the Jews had already entered into the Covenant of Madinah.
But they did not remain committed to it.
Therefore, from time to time, new agreements and covenants became necessary.
This nation was known for treachery—even now it is so.
And then, ultimately, due to their treachery, they had to be expelled from Madinah.
And this incident occurred six months after Badr, before the Battle of Uhud.
➍
When a dhimmi or a party to a treaty does not uphold their covenant, they become as those at war (harbi).
And then fighting against them becomes permissible.
➎
Since there was no formal battle with Banu Nadir,
only a siege occurred, and they agreed to leave the area,
therefore, all the movable and immovable property obtained from them was considered fay’,
the expenditure of which was entirely at your (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) discretion.
And you (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) used this wealth to care for the orphans of the martyrs of Badr and some of the poor among the Muhajirun and Ansar.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 3004
