سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب الخراج والفيء والإمارةTribute, Spoils, and Rulership (Kitab Al-Kharaj, Wal-Fai Wal-Imarah)
باب كَيْفَ كَانَ إِخْرَاجُ الْيَهُودِ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِChapter: How Were The Jews Expelled From Al-Madinah?
Hadith 3000
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ فَارِسٍ ، أَنَّ الْحَكَمَ بْنَ نَافِعٍ حَدَّثَهُمْ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ ، عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، وَكَانَ أَحَدَ الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ تِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ ، وَكَانَ كَعْبُ بْنُ الأَشْرَفِ يَهْجُو النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيُحَرِّضُ عَلَيْهِ كُفَّارَ قُرَيْشٍ ، وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَأَهْلُهَا أَخْلَاطٌ مِنْهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ يَعْبُدُونَ الأَوْثَانَ وَالْيَهُودُ ، وَكَانُوا يُؤْذُونَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ نَبِيَّهُ بِالصَّبْرِ وَالْعَفْوِ فَفِيهِمْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ سورة آل عمران آية 186 الْآيَةَ ، فَلَمَّا أَبَى كَعْبُ بْنُ الأَشْرَفِ أَنْ يَنْزِعَ عَنْ أَذَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ رَهْطًا يَقْتُلُونَهُ ، فَبَعَثَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ وَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ قَتْلِهِ ، فَلَمَّا قَتَلُوهُ فَزَعَتْ الْيَهُودُ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ فَغَدَوْا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالُوا : طُرِقَ صَاحِبُنَا فَقُتِلَ ، فَذَكَرَ لَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّذِي كَانَ يَقُولُ : وَدَعَاهُمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى أَنْ يَكْتُبَ بَيْنَهُ كِتَابًا يَنْتَهُونَ إِلَى مَا فِيهِ ، فَكَتَبَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَامَّةً صَحِيفَةً .
Kaab bin Malik who was one of those whose repentance was accepted said “Kaab bin Al Ashraf used to satire the Prophet ﷺ and incited the infidels of the Quraish against him. When the Prophet ﷺ came to Madeena, its people were intermixed, some of them were Muslims and others polytheists aho worshipped idols and some were Jews. They used to hurt the Prophet ﷺ and his Companions. Then Allaah Most High commanded His Prophet to show patience and forgiveness. So Allaah revealed about them “And ye shall certainly hear much that will grieve you from those who receive Book before you”. When Kaab bin Al Ashraf refused to desist from hurting the Prophet ﷺ the Prophet ﷺ ordered Saad bin Muadh to send a band to kill him. He sent Muhammad bin Maslamah and mentioned the story of his murder. When they killed him, the Jews and the polytheist were frightened. Next day they came to the Prophet ﷺ and said “Our Companions were attacked and night and killed. ” The Prophet ﷺ informed them about that which he would say. The Prophet ﷺ then called them so that he could write a deed of agreement between him and them and they should fulfill its provisions and desist from hurting him. He then wrote a deed of agreement between him and them and the Muslims in general. ”
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
➊
As for why the Jews were expelled from Madinah, it is that these were Hebrew people who, fleeing the oppression and tyranny of the Assyrians and Romans, had taken refuge in the Hijaz. Due to their long residence, their appearance, language, and culture had become completely Arabized. In Madinah Munawwarah, they had three tribes: Banu Qaynuqa', Banu Nadir, and Banu Qurayzah. As soon as the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) arrived in Madinah, he established brotherhood (mu’akhah) between the Muhajirun and the Ansar. On the other hand, he made a political agreement with the Jews and idolaters residing in this city: that together, all of us would maintain peace and security within this city, and in the event of an external attack, we would fully support one another. However, the Jews secretly maintained a course of enmity against the Muslims. They also had connections with the Quraysh of Makkah, and they continued to incite other Arab tribes against the Muslims. Causing harm to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and the Muslims was a trivial matter for them. After flagrantly breaking the general agreement, and even providing clear evidence of treachery in the defense pact of Madinah, instead of the harshest punishment of that era, they were merely exiled from Madinah to protect the city from their conspiracies and mischief. For details, see the books of Seerah (especially: Al-Raheeq Al-Makhtum by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri).
➋
In the Islamic society, there is no protection for anyone who insults any Prophet of Allah, especially the Last Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), and the punishment for this is death.
➌
The killing of Ka'b ibn Ashraf took place at the beginning of the third year after the Hijrah, following the Battle of Badr. Its account has been mentioned in the previous hadith 2768. And this was the beginning of the expulsion of those people from Madinah.
➍
The treaty mentioned in this hadith may have been a new one, or it may have been a renewal of the agreement that was made with them at the beginning of the Hijrah.
➊
As for why the Jews were expelled from Madinah, it is that these were Hebrew people who, fleeing the oppression and tyranny of the Assyrians and Romans, had taken refuge in the Hijaz. Due to their long residence, their appearance, language, and culture had become completely Arabized. In Madinah Munawwarah, they had three tribes: Banu Qaynuqa', Banu Nadir, and Banu Qurayzah. As soon as the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) arrived in Madinah, he established brotherhood (mu’akhah) between the Muhajirun and the Ansar. On the other hand, he made a political agreement with the Jews and idolaters residing in this city: that together, all of us would maintain peace and security within this city, and in the event of an external attack, we would fully support one another. However, the Jews secretly maintained a course of enmity against the Muslims. They also had connections with the Quraysh of Makkah, and they continued to incite other Arab tribes against the Muslims. Causing harm to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and the Muslims was a trivial matter for them. After flagrantly breaking the general agreement, and even providing clear evidence of treachery in the defense pact of Madinah, instead of the harshest punishment of that era, they were merely exiled from Madinah to protect the city from their conspiracies and mischief. For details, see the books of Seerah (especially: Al-Raheeq Al-Makhtum by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri).
➋
In the Islamic society, there is no protection for anyone who insults any Prophet of Allah, especially the Last Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), and the punishment for this is death.
➌
The killing of Ka'b ibn Ashraf took place at the beginning of the third year after the Hijrah, following the Battle of Badr. Its account has been mentioned in the previous hadith 2768. And this was the beginning of the expulsion of those people from Madinah.
➍
The treaty mentioned in this hadith may have been a new one, or it may have been a renewal of the agreement that was made with them at the beginning of the Hijrah.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 3000
