سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب الفرائضShares of Inheritance (Kitab Al-Faraid)
باب فِي مِيرَاثِ ذَوِي الأَرْحَامِChapter: Regarding The Inheritance For Those Related Due To The Womb.
Hadith 2900
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ، فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا : حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ ، عَنْ بُدَيْلٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَيْسَرَةَ ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنْ رَاشِدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ الْهَوْزَنِيِّ ، عَنْ الْمِقْدَامِ الْكِنْدِيِّ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَنَا أَوْلَى بِكُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ ، فَمَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا أَوْ ضَيْعَةً فَإِلَيَّ ، وَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ وَأَنَا مَوْلَى مَنْ لَا مَوْلَى لَهُ أَرِثُ مَالَهُ وَأَفُكُّ عَانَهُ ، وَالْخَالُ مَوْلَى مَنْ لَا مَوْلَى لَهُ يَرِثُ مَالَهُ وَيَفُكُّ عَانَهُ " ، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد ، رَوَاهُ الزُّبَيْدِيُّ ، عَنْ رَاشِدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَائِذٍ ، عَنْ الْمِقْدَامِ ، وَرَوَاهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ رَاشِدٍ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ الْمِقْدَامَ ، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد : يَقُولُ الضَّيْعَةُ مَعْنَاهُ عِيَالٌ .
Narrated Al-Miqdam al-Kindi: The Prophet ﷺ said: I am nearer to every believer than himself, so if anyone leaves a debt or a helpless family, I shall be responsible, but if anyone leaves property, it goes to his heirs. I am patron of him who has none, inheriting his property and freeing him from his liabilities. A maternal uncle is patron of him who has none, inheriting his property and freeing him from his liabilities. Abu Dawud said: da'iah means dependants or helpless family. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been transmitted by al-Zubaidi from Rashid bin Saad from Ibn 'A'idh on the authority of al-Miqdam. It has also been transmitted by Muawiyah bin Salih from Rashid who said: I heard al-Miqdam (say).
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊ The care of destitute and needy Muslims, as well as orphaned children, is the responsibility of the Islamic government.
➋ In the case of accidental killing (qatl khata), the payment of blood money (diyah) is the responsibility of the killer’s ‘asaba (male agnate relatives/tribe). However, if someone does not have any ‘asaba relatives present, then this responsibility is transferred to the state.
➌ In the absence of ‘asaba, dhawu al-arham (uterine relatives) become the heirs, and they are also responsible for the payment of the diyah. For further benefits, also see the commentary on hadith 2634.
➊ The care of destitute and needy Muslims, as well as orphaned children, is the responsibility of the Islamic government.
➋ In the case of accidental killing (qatl khata), the payment of blood money (diyah) is the responsibility of the killer’s ‘asaba (male agnate relatives/tribe). However, if someone does not have any ‘asaba relatives present, then this responsibility is transferred to the state.
➌ In the absence of ‘asaba, dhawu al-arham (uterine relatives) become the heirs, and they are also responsible for the payment of the diyah. For further benefits, also see the commentary on hadith 2634.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 2738
Shaykh Safi ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri
Takhrij:
«أخرجه أبوداود، الفرائض، باب في ميراث ذوي الأرحام، حديث:2899، 2901، والنسائي في الكبرٰي:4 /76، 77، حديث:6354، 6355، 6356، وابن ماجه، الديات، حديث:2634، وأحمد:1 /28، 46، 4 /131، وانظر علل الحديث لابن أبي حاتم الرازي:2 /51، وابن حبان (الإحسان):7 /611، حديث:6003، والحاكم:4 /344.»©Explanation:
➊ According to this hadith, if none from among the possessors of prescribed shares (dhawu al-furud) and agnates (asaba) are alive, then the maternal uncle (mamu) will be the heir.
➋ There is a difference of opinion among the scholars of inheritance regarding considering distant kindred (dhawu al-arham) as heirs; a large group considers them to be heirs.
➌ The status of the maternal aunt (khala) is the same as that of the maternal uncle (mamu).
If she is also not present, then the estate will be deposited into the public treasury (bayt al-mal).
➍ According to those who do not accept the inheritance of distant kindred (dhawu al-arham), in the absence of agnates (asaba), the estate will be deposited into the public treasury (bayt al-mal).
However, in this matter, the opinion of the majority (jumhur) is the preferred one.
«أخرجه أبوداود، الفرائض، باب في ميراث ذوي الأرحام، حديث:2899، 2901، والنسائي في الكبرٰي:4 /76، 77، حديث:6354، 6355، 6356، وابن ماجه، الديات، حديث:2634، وأحمد:1 /28، 46، 4 /131، وانظر علل الحديث لابن أبي حاتم الرازي:2 /51، وابن حبان (الإحسان):7 /611، حديث:6003، والحاكم:4 /344.»©Explanation:
➊ According to this hadith, if none from among the possessors of prescribed shares (dhawu al-furud) and agnates (asaba) are alive, then the maternal uncle (mamu) will be the heir.
➋ There is a difference of opinion among the scholars of inheritance regarding considering distant kindred (dhawu al-arham) as heirs; a large group considers them to be heirs.
➌ The status of the maternal aunt (khala) is the same as that of the maternal uncle (mamu).
If she is also not present, then the estate will be deposited into the public treasury (bayt al-mal).
➍ According to those who do not accept the inheritance of distant kindred (dhawu al-arham), in the absence of agnates (asaba), the estate will be deposited into the public treasury (bayt al-mal).
However, in this matter, the opinion of the majority (jumhur) is the preferred one.
Source: Bulugh al-Maram: Commentary by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, Page: 811
