سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب الجهادJihad (Kitab Al-Jihad)
باب فِي فِدَاءِ الأَسِيرِ بِالْمَالِChapter: Regarding Ransoming Captives With Wealth.
Hadith 2690
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُوحٍ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنَا عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا سِمَاكٌ الْحَنَفِيُّ قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ فَأَخَذَ يَعْنِي النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْفِدَاءَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الأَرْضِ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ سورة الأنفال آية 67 ـ 68 مِنَ الْفِدَاءِ ، ثُمَّ أَحَلَّ لَهُمُ اللَّهُ الْغَنَائِمَ ، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد : سَمِعْت أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ يُسْأَلُ عَنِ اسْمِ أَبِي نُوحٍ فَقَالَ : إِيشْ تَصْنَعُ بِاسْمِهِ اسْمُهُ اسْمٌ شَنِيعٌ ، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد : اسْمُ أَبِي نُوحٍ قُرَادٌ ، وَالصَّحِيحُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ غَزْوَانَ .
Umar bin Al Khattab said “During the battle of Badr, the Prophet ﷺ took ransom”. Thereupon Allaah Most High sent down “It is not fitting for an Messenger that he should have prisoners of war until he hath thoroughly subdued the land. You look on the temporal goods of this world, but Allaah looketh to the Hereafter”. And Allaah is exalted in might and Wise. Had it not been for a previous ordainment from Allaah, a severe penalty would have reached you for the (ransom) that you took. Allaah then made the spoils of war lawful. Abu Dawud said “I heard that Ahmad bin Hanbal was asked about the name of Abu Nuh”. He said “What will you do with his name? His name is a bad one. Abu Dawud said “the name of Abu Nuh is Qurad. What is correct is that his name is Abd Al Rahman bin Ghazwan.
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
The meaning of the Qur’anic verse is that instead of killing the disbelieving captives, you took ransom from them. This decision was incorrect. It would have been better for you to kill them, so that the strength of the disbelievers would be diminished. However, since in Allah’s decree it was written that spoils of war (mal-e-ghanīmah) would be made lawful for you, Allah forgave you. And after this, spoils of war were made lawful for the Muslims, whereas for the previous communities, spoils of war were not lawful.
The meaning of the Qur’anic verse is that instead of killing the disbelieving captives, you took ransom from them. This decision was incorrect. It would have been better for you to kill them, so that the strength of the disbelievers would be diminished. However, since in Allah’s decree it was written that spoils of war (mal-e-ghanīmah) would be made lawful for you, Allah forgave you. And after this, spoils of war were made lawful for the Muslims, whereas for the previous communities, spoils of war were not lawful.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 2690
