سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب الجهادJihad (Kitab Al-Jihad)
باب فِي الْمَنِّ عَلَى الأَسِيرِ بِغَيْرِ فِدَاءٍChapter: Regarding The Generosity In Freeing A Captive Without Any Ransom.
Hadith 2688
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيل ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنَا ثَابِتٌ ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ ، أَنَّ ثَمَانِينَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ هَبَطُوا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ مِنْ جِبَالِ التَّنْعِيمِ عِنْدَ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ لِيَقْتُلُوهُمْ فَأَخَذَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سِلْمًا فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ سورة الفتح آية 24 إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ .
Anas said “Eighty Makkahns came down from the mountain of Al Tan’im against the Prophet ﷺ and his Companions at the (time of the) dawn prayer to kill them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took them captive without fighting and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ set them free. Thereupon Allaah Most High sent down “He it is Who averted their hands from you and your hands from them in the valley of Makkah, ” till the end of the verse.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
Allah Ta'ala says:
(فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَضَرْبَ الرِّقَابِ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا أَثْخَنتُمُوهُمْ فَشُدُّوا الْوَثَاقَ فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَاءً حَتَّىٰ تَضَعَ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا) (Muhammad: 4)
When you meet those who disbelieve in battle,
then strike their necks.
When you have thoroughly subdued them, then bind them firmly as captives.
Afterwards, you have the option: either show favor and release them, or take ransom (compensation and exchange) for them,
until the war lays down its burdens.
Benefit: These people were enthusiastic and warlike youths of the Quraysh,
who, contrary to the opinion of their elders, were not in favor of making peace with the Muslims.
They devised this dangerous plan on their own, which Allah Ta'ala rendered void.
Then the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) released them as a favor, without taking any ransom.
Allah Ta'ala says:
(فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَضَرْبَ الرِّقَابِ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا أَثْخَنتُمُوهُمْ فَشُدُّوا الْوَثَاقَ فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَاءً حَتَّىٰ تَضَعَ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا) (Muhammad: 4)
When you meet those who disbelieve in battle,
then strike their necks.
When you have thoroughly subdued them, then bind them firmly as captives.
Afterwards, you have the option: either show favor and release them, or take ransom (compensation and exchange) for them,
until the war lays down its burdens.
Benefit: These people were enthusiastic and warlike youths of the Quraysh,
who, contrary to the opinion of their elders, were not in favor of making peace with the Muslims.
They devised this dangerous plan on their own, which Allah Ta'ala rendered void.
Then the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) released them as a favor, without taking any ransom.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 2688
Shaykh Maulana Abdul Aziz Alvi
Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
Mutasallihin:
Armed,
Equipped with weapons,
Ghurrat,
Heedlessness and unawareness.
(2)
Salma:
According to Qadi Iyad,
Its meaning is: they were taken captive, and according to Khattabi,
They laid down their weapons,
As is mentioned in the Noble Qur’an.
(3)
﴿وَاَلقَوْاإِلَيْكَمُ السَّلم﴾ “They laid down their weapons before you,”
They became obedient to you,
Because they could not withstand confrontation.
(4)
Fa-istahyaahum:
You kept them alive,
Meaning you pardoned them,
So that reconciliation could take place and it would not end at the very beginning.
Benefits and Issues:
During the stay at Hudaybiyyah, a group of eighty (80) armed young men from Makkah descended from Mount Tan‘eem to provoke you and the Muslims,
The Muslims captured all of them alive,
(The Muslims’ act of capturing is attributed to you, and the same is the case with (kataba) “he wrote,” that it was written by your command, so in various hadiths the act of writing is attributed to you.)
Since you, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, desired reconciliation,
You ordered all of them to be released,
Then this verse was revealed.
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
Mutasallihin:
Armed,
Equipped with weapons,
Ghurrat,
Heedlessness and unawareness.
(2)
Salma:
According to Qadi Iyad,
Its meaning is: they were taken captive, and according to Khattabi,
They laid down their weapons,
As is mentioned in the Noble Qur’an.
(3)
﴿وَاَلقَوْاإِلَيْكَمُ السَّلم﴾ “They laid down their weapons before you,”
They became obedient to you,
Because they could not withstand confrontation.
(4)
Fa-istahyaahum:
You kept them alive,
Meaning you pardoned them,
So that reconciliation could take place and it would not end at the very beginning.
Benefits and Issues:
During the stay at Hudaybiyyah, a group of eighty (80) armed young men from Makkah descended from Mount Tan‘eem to provoke you and the Muslims,
The Muslims captured all of them alive,
(The Muslims’ act of capturing is attributed to you, and the same is the case with (kataba) “he wrote,” that it was written by your command, so in various hadiths the act of writing is attributed to you.)
Since you, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, desired reconciliation,
You ordered all of them to be released,
Then this verse was revealed.
Source: Tuhfat al-Muslim: Commentary on Sahih Muslim, Page: 4679
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
Explanation:
1:
He is the One Who withheld their hands from you and your hands from them.
( , al-Fath: 24)
1:
He is the One Who withheld their hands from you and your hands from them.
( , al-Fath: 24)
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 3264
